Tuesday, March 26, 2019
Medical Advances 1850-1910 :: essays research papers
The contributions of several doctors, researchers, and scientists helped improve the health of the growing population. In 1850 the honest life expectancy was 42 years. By 1910 the average life expectancy had risen to nearly 55 years. Between 1850 and 1910 there were several advances in the medical field. The introduction of genes, white daub cells, blood groups, insulin, rubber gloves, aspirin, and vitamins and the discoveries of Pasteur, Charcot, Halsted, Zirm, Lister, and Koch were the starting time point of an international fight against disease. A remarkable breakthrough in medicine occurred in the late 1800s through the work of Louis Pasteur. Pasteurs experiments showed that bacteria barf like other living things and travel from place to place. Using the results of his findings, he highly-developed pasteurization, which is the process of heating liquids to kill bacteria and prevent fermentation. He also produced an anthrax vaccine as well as a way to weaken the rabies viru s. After studying Pasteurs work, Joseph Lister developed antisepsis, which is the process of killing disease-causing germs. In 1865 before an operation, he cleansed a stick wound first with carbolic acid, and performed the surgery with sterilized (by heat) instruments. The wound healed, and the patient survived. precedent to surgery, the patient wouldve needed an amputation. However, by incorporating these antiseptic procedures in all of his surgeries, he decreased postoperative deaths. The use of antiseptics eventually helped reduce bacterial transmitting not only in surgery but also in childbirth and in the treatment of battle wounds. Another man that make discoveries that reinforced those of Pasteurs was Robert Koch. Robert Koch isolated the germ that causes tuberculosis, identified the germ responsible for Asiatic cholera, and developed sanitary measures to prevent disease. (1)In the late 1880s, genes, white blood cells, and aspirin were discovered. An Augustinian monk from Austria, Johann Gregor Mendel experimented in the crossplanting of pea plants. Eventually his research petabit to the discovery of genes. In 1892, Elie Metchnikoff discovered phagocytosis. After observing the larvae of starfish, he put that mobile cells served as a defense for the organisms. This research on the cells make him to believe that these cells swallow up and digest bacteria, therefore leading into the realization of white blood cells. Although it is unclear who deserves credit for the discovery of aspirin, Felix Hoffman and Heinrich Dreser are impute for the introduction. Both of them researched the drug while working for Bayer and they are impute for actually naming it "aspirin".
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