What new problems arose for the Roman Empire during the first two Essay

What new problems arose for the Roman Empire during the first two centuries A.D - Essay utilisationlous direct of Augustus Caesar (63 B.C- 14 A.D), the empire underwent political and economic downturn under the Julio Claudio emperors especially at the while of Nero (A.D 54-68). A major blaze devastated Rome in A.D 64 and subsequently Christians were brutally persecuted throughout the empire. It was followed by a number of rebellions until the emergence of Flavian dynasty. Although Vespasian (A.D 69-79) the first Flavian was a good ruler, Domitian (A.D 81-96) was brutal and notably inefficient. The period in the midst of A.D. 96 and A.D161 was comparatively peaceful under the emperors Nerva (A.D 96-98), Trajan (98-117), Hadrian (117-138), and Antonius Pius (138-161) respectively.Again the Empire fell in wars against Germanic tribes during the reign of Marcus Aurelius (A.D 161-180). His son and successor Commodus (180-192) being an unfaithful ruler left the great empire to terrible courteous wars. The empire was literarily fragmented under various military groups and finally occupied by 7 distinguishable dynasties since 193 A.D. In short, during the first two centuries the Roman Empire experienced numerous

Entrepreneurship----Economists views on the innovation and Essay

Entrepreneurship----Economists views on the innovation and entrepreneurship - Essay Examplemarket, of determining opportunities, optimizing potential ventures or partnership, strategizing decision-making capabilities, improving communication skills, developing wide-cut interpersonal relation with customers, and in attaining business intelligence (Carter & Jones-Evans, 2006, pp, 1-10 129-151). Expert entrepreneurs are observed to have adoptive some business patterns and have gain expertise in organizational planning, executing, selecting human resources, performance management, evaluation, and in doing excellent market analysis (Carter & Jones-Evans, 2006, pp. 152-175). They constantly update themselves on trends and readily adapt to changes to leverage itself from each opportunities. Entrepreneurs also study business laws and policies made by legislatures to ascertain that they are able to adhere to or recommend measures to enhance business chances. They too are incisive about the kind of analysis and turning away theyd packaged depending on situational context from a rapidly evolving market (Carter & Jones-Evans, 2006, pp. 152-175). They are expert on researching and studying economic forecasts as well.Its this need to sustain the learning process that entrepreneurs often harbour metacognitive decision-making about his/her interrelationship with clients and customer while recognizing too the limiting factors by reflecting and understanding the varied controls in customer and client relations (Mitchell, Smith, Gustafsson, & Mitchell, 2006, pp. 5-12). Innovations set in. As observed globally, entrepreneurs increased their efficacy by adapting the determination of technology as tool to hasten distinction in production and in marketing goods (Deakin & Freel, 2003, pp. 1-35).unalike before when market is limited in established public facilities for vendors, entrepreneurs now reach out clients and customers in the households using internet or web-based connecti ons. Modes of payments are also transacted via automated machines or electronic transfers (Deakin & Freel,

Smoking in public places Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

hummer in public places - Essay ExampleAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the use of tobacco is the angiotensin converting enzyme to the highest degree preventable risk to human health in the developed countries. In addition, it is one of the most vital causes of worldwide premature deaths.In the United States, many states have already banned roll of tobacco at the public places and California is one of them. In fact, the state of California has one of the strictest laws against smoking at the public places in the world. California decided to take serious steps to control the smoking in the public places in 2001.Governor Davis signed AB188 prohibiting the smoking or disposal of any cigarette, cigar, or otherwise tobacco-related product within a dallyground or tot lot sandbox area and establishing a $100 fine for any violation. (Not Available)Smoking is prohibited in all the workplaces, including but are non limited to restaurants, bars, casinos, gambl ing clubs, play pits, play structures, backstops, sports fields, tennis courts, and picnics reserved places.When adults smoke in front of progeny children, it would not give a good impact on their amateur minds. They start feeling that smoking is a good thing and normalizes it. According to the statistics, the average starting age of an adult smoker is long dozen years old. All city laws rely on public education, signage, and voluntary compliance while providing quotation authority to peace officers and, in some cases, viridity rangers and environmental health officers. (Board of Supervisors)Restricted Places (LA)The restricted places in the Los Angeles County are Alhambra - prohibits smoking within 100 feet of a tot lot playground or baseball game field Baldwin Park - has smokeless policies for its set Compton - has smoke-free policies for its parks Covina - has smoke-free policies for its parks Beverly Hills - curb-to-curb, smoke-free parks La Puente - has smoke-free polici es for its parks Long Beach - Drake park is smoke free Los Angeles -tobacco-free zones include play areas, baseball diamonds, sport courts and areas, and permitted picnic areas Pasadena - prohibits smoking in all parks and public golf courses Santa Monica - curb-to-curb, smoke-free parks San Fernando - curb-to-curb, smoke-free and tobacco or tobacco-related products parks and West Hollywood - one pocket park is entirely smoke free. (Not Available)From the above discussion, we can conclude that the passive smoking is as dangerous as actual smoking. The passive smoking is not only the issue of the United States - it is the prevalent issue of the square world. Every day hundreds of people are dying just because of the smoking related diseases such as lung cancer. It is believed that there is no other way except to ban smoking in the public places to abase its lethal effects. In the United States, many states have already taken several steps to

Business management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business management - Essay ExampleAlthough aspiring to be called an internationalistic bank, its home instituted in France does give Eurobank a somewhat influenced finishing and therefore a national expression.Interesting enough, Eurobank has an ill defined corporate culture which is essentially different from a purely national culture, yet its corporate culture is an overt expression of French national values and traits. This may be attributed to presence of the French upper management and corporate policies and dual official languages on peerless hand while its English locale and the hundreds of local English employees not expatriates on the other hand.Although the customary Manager of the bank describes Eurobank as largely transnational, but down the line other managers cod taken a rather different outlook. It has been labelled as a national bank but with palmy footholds and ventures overseas its international stance cannot be overlooked, perhaps amalgamating through ac quisitions as an international bank. Nevertheless in true essence Eurobank in England is not given the recognition of a global organization by some quarters. Though much is being done to remove the traces of national culture and give it an international visage with a high degree of autonomy and hiring of mostly English staff, still we are capable to detect the distinct national cultural characteristics influencing their corporate culture.It is the Eurobank policies and functioning style that remain normative to both national and corporate cultures. Preserving its national culture has its merits too, for e.g. as we can see with its broad customer base and customer loyalty agenda. Its national identity does hold importance to its customer groups and that is the reason they seem to have inducted that into their business strategies. The idea behind such a blend is that customers tend to correlate and recognize the culture of the institution that they are entrusting with their assets. Al though the increasingly European cultural styles

Computer Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Computer Literacy - Essay ExampleIt exists for programs that be developed by programmers. There are dickens main classes of software systems software along with applications software. Systems software controls and manages the function of the computer system when it carries out tasks on behalf of the system user (Chitra & Rani 2014). Systems software comprises of three essential classes software development programs, run systems, and public-service corporation programs.A database is an assortment of interrelated files. They can exist on paper, for instance, a telephone directory. Paper databases are inefficient as well as costly to keep. A computer-based database has the benefit of powerful explore service that can be used to find and get selective information several times faster than the material techniques (Greenwell, Liu, & Chalmers 2014). Electronic databases provide amenities for system users to add modify or delete records as desired. list characteristics imply that the same essential information is stored in a number of diverse categories. It offers great tractability as well as allows system users to track, retrieve and put in order information as desired.A business information system is a group of interconnected constituents that work together to execute input, processing, output, and storage as well as management actions so as to change data into information products. These products can then be used to support planning, forecasting, control, decision making, coordination and functional activities in business. In footing of the elements that do this activity, they can be grouped into five fundamental assets of hardware, people, software, communications as well as data. People resources comprise of the users along with developers of information computer system. It also includes those who assist to maintain along with operating the system like as IS managers in addition to technical support personnel (Chitra & Rani 2014). computer hardware

Professional Objectives and Interests Personal Statement

master copy Objectives and Interests - Personal Statement ExampleMy secondary interest would be to strengthen my leadership abilities so that I can lead and administer my subordinates. Sharpening of the existing skills is a very important factor and I would wish well to focus my attention to it. Apart from this I would be more interested in acquiring recent skills by attending seminars, certification programs etc and meeting new people who are associated with this profession. Working for a abide will prove to be very fruitful in disposition to enhance my entrepreneur abilities and strike my dedication. Networking is considered to be a very essential factor. Relationship with the professional contacts is very valuable for the advancement of vocation and learning new techniques. I would make it a point to attend functions and monthly events so as to be in close contact with the administrative professionals.The interests that need to be developed in order to become a good adminis trator are to have effective leadership qualities. An impressive reputation proves to be very helpful when it comes to lead and administer people. My area of interest would be to work on the enhancement of these two traits.

A paper on a material object during the medieval period Essay

A paper on a material object during the mediaeval period - evidence ExampleHowever for the bulk of this period the availability of the saintly ledger as a material object was restricted for practical as well as theological reasons.1During the medieval period admission price to the set apart Bible, as a material object was in fact restricted due to non-homogeneous intentional and unintentional factors. Books of any description were generally very expensive material objects throughout the medieval period taken as a whole.2 The high cost of books put all but the wealthiest population off buying them in the first place. Books were highly expensive because of the methods used to produce them, paper and fleece was costly to make, meaning that writing errors and mistakes were often just crossed out, or even ignored completely.3The Holy Bible during the majority of the medieval period was hand written as the Chinese invention of the negotiable printing press took a long time to re ach Europe (not doing so until the late 15th century).4 Therefore the production of the Holy Bible was slow as well as painstaking if through with(p) properly. Then again it could take just as long to produce copies of the Holy Bible, which were riddled with mistakes, and wrong wording.5Indeed it frequently took days for people usually monks to write out new copies of the Holy Bible in full by hand. There was not a high demand for new copies of the Holy Bible due to the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches wanting to control who actually contain the gospel, as well as they interpreted the content of the gospel.6The Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox churches were particularly keen on restricting access to the Holy Bible to those it trusted. In other spoken communication theyre own clergy, monks, nuns, and the wealthier citizens within European societies. For the majority of the medieval period it was only the clergy and the members of the religious orders th at were predominantly literate, although the male

ECON IP2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECON IP2 - Essay ExampleThe demand for cig arttes are also not as elastic as the demand for laptops since smokers tend to be addicted and therefore the amount of cigarettes they purchase are not as responsive to charges as laptops are. Finally, among the products considered the per unit price of laptops tend to be highest and thusly the opportunity cost of the expenditure is highest in case of laptops as well. Therefore, the demand for laptops tends to be substantially more than elastic.The importance of elasticity for business primarily is because of its significance in pricing strategies. Price hikes or price cuts do not affect the revenues for goods whose demands are inelastic. Therefore, it is not advisable to reduce prices to try and induce customers into purchasing products which have inelastic demands. On the other hand customers tend to respond highly to price cuts in case of products that have high price elasticity. Since maximizing revenues is one of the primary targets for businesses, and how price changes affect revenues are dependent upon price elasticity of demand, it is very important for businesses to know the type of demand its product has.An increase in national income would not affect the price elasticity of demand. Although it may lead to rise in overall demands, it will have no impact on the responsiveness of demand to changes in price. picnic of supply is simply the responsiveness of quantity supplied to price changes. It is the percentage change in quantity supplied caused by a percentage change in price. The factors that influence the elasticity of supply area) Time - since it is not feasible to expand production immediately in response to a price change, although in the dour eviscerate such expansion is possible, supply tends to be relatively inelastic over the short run and more elastic over the longer run.b) Duration of production typically goods that take longer to produce, such as agricultural output (longer production cycl es) tend to have

Information Systems and Software Applications Essay - 1

Information Systems and Software Applications - Essay ExampleUtilizing information systems and software applications in human resource, however, abets in charge and trenchant data collection that will contribute towards developing notional business decisions.Information systems and software applications are used in human resource departments to manage takeees running(a) in a company. Human resource makes use of different software applications in its operations, for instance, employee turnover push aside be monitored using one application while a different application is used to covering fire job appli give the sackts. Use of software applications in operations within human resource department makes create easier and this will improve productivity and effectiveness of the entire company. These applications will en up to(p) human resource to employ qualified candidates and they will as well as be able to manage company information in an effective manner (Cashman, et.al, 2009). Management department uses information systems and software applications to analyze and facilitate organizational activities. Companies are able to design, evaluate and implement information through the use of information systems and software applications to generate information as well as to improve effectiveness and efficiency of making organizational decisions (Cashman, et.al, 2009). Software applications provide salient hardware storage capacities therefore making it possible for managers to store and link large volumes of data. Information systems applications also provided managers with useful data about inventories, sales and other information that would be used in management of a company. Successful applications enable a business to achieve its long-term objectives as the company can highlight its weaknesses and strengths due to the availability of records regarding employee performance as well as revenue reports. These aspects will assist a company to improve its business

Culturally competent care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Culturally competent c be - Essay ExampleThis means that the department of veteran affairs is forced to meet with the needs of m any soldiers over a prolonged time period- something which has forced it to aggrandise in order to cater for the needs of various ex-soldiers from different ethnic backgrounds. There is a lawsuit why army veterans remove specialized care. Military service members do not face the resembling challenges as other members of the society. Their very job requires them to put their lives in danger constantly whenever the country is pursue in a conflict with a different nation. Many times, the challenges that soldiers face are life-threatening and require immediate specialized care. Some of these injuries include gunshot wounds, lost limbs, wounds caused by shrapnel and head injuries that affect a soldiers daily functions or even speech and thought patterns. Military service members may also be exposed to environmental pollutants like harmful chemicals used by the opposing army, foul water and biological weapons. There are also the mental try ones of being in a struggle. world separated from ones family and friends for an extended period of time is a unenviable thing for any ordinary human being. It becomes harder for both the soldier and his or her family when both parties are aware that the soldier strength never return home. Many times, the families of soldiers have sought counseling services to help them to cope with such(prenominal) possibilities. Another cause of mental anguish is the act of war. Killing and maiming other human beings is a difficult undertaking for even the most hard-hearted individual. Soldiers are required to do it repeatedly and automatically when ordered to do so by their commanding officers. They are also expected to ignore their fears and constantly put themselves in the way of danger. This causes mental problems such as post traumatic stress disorder and depression- which are conditions that the soldie rs unravel home with them even after the war is over (Jakupcak, Luterek, Hunt, Conbeare and McFall, 2008). According to (Erbes, Westermeyer, Engdahl and Johnsen (2007), more than ten war veterans transmit suicide every day due to their inability to handle mental states of depressions and post traumatic stress disorder. There have also recently been reports of war veterans who took their own lives after eliminating their whole families. When they return from war situations, soldiers require healthcare benefits that will enable them to live with some measure of peace and comfort. They also normally require a lot of mental support so that they can process through the horrible things that they may have witnessed during the war. The department of Veteran personal business has successfully established a 24-hour suicide hot-line that helps soldiers to dope with issues they may be experiencing but feel unable to tell even family members. Standards of cultural competence that wait to b e met and any that are not met The Department of Veteran Affairs defines minority veterans as ex-soldiers who are of Asian American, African Americans, Pacific Islander, Native American, Hispanic, Native Hawaiian, or Alaska Native origin. According to the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), roughly 20% of the countrys 23.5 million veterans are from these ethnic backgrounds (National Alliance on mental Illness, 2013). Similar to other racial minority populations

Crafting and Executing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crafting and Executing Strategy - Essay Example beingness an all-inclusive initiative, credit line strategic computer programme offers a platform for basic decisions essential in moldable and guiding the organizations development and trading operations. A successful and powerful organization plan addresses not only the organizations actions and activities, but also it dishs in the identification of de full terminants for its success. As defined, a businesss strategic plan is a comprehensive collection and evaluation of organizations operations and butt ones used to systematically align and coordinate actions and resources with vision strategies and companys military mission over a specified planning period (Allison and Judy, 2005). The Importance of A Strategic Plan An telling strategic plan result help the Kinko opinion company to reinforce its activities in order to be totally move towards a continuous development. A strategic plan will as well allow the Kinko printing company to anticipate and adequately prepare for possible changes in the organization. A part from predicting future changes in the business, strategic plan will also offer an opportunity for Kinko printing company to evaluate and read its process and systems (Laycock, 2003). To facilitate success in the organization, it is essential for stakeholders to critically review the strengths and weaknesses of the organizations systems and processes. A review of the organizational systems and processes will offer an opportunity for Kinko printing company to evaluate different process and systems in the company and make the necessary changes in the organization operations. Strategic planning will help Kinko Printing Company to identify the existing strengths in the company (Park and Dabney, 2001). Strategic planning will as well play a very essential social function in helping the company to improve its decision-making processes. With an effective strategic plan in place, the Kinko printi ng company will be in a position to make effective day-to-day decisions that will facilitate the achievement of both long term and short-term goals of the organization. Furthermore, planning will significantly reduce stresses and confusion associated with abrupt action in resolving emerging problems. Strategic plans will as well help the Kinko Printing Company in promoting effective stewardship (Barry, 2001). Through effective strategic plan, all stakeholders at Kinko Printing Company will be responsible to each other. Strategic planning will also play a very essential role in building trust among the companys financiers. Despite helping the organization to use the addressable resources in a transparent and responsible manner, strategic planning will enable Kinko to promote effective stewardship. Mission Statement The Kinko Printing Company seeks to provide quality printing and other related solutions at a reasonable cost to its customers The Importance of the Mission Statement t o Kinko Printing Company Mission asseveration will serve as reference point in explaining the purpose of the organization. Additionally, mission statement will serve as a reminder of the goals and aspirations of the company. The mission statement will also play a very essential role in informing the companys employees and other stakeholders on the mission of the organization as well as the companys long-term plans. A part from expand on the long term aspirations of the

Marketing and Operations Management in Philips Electronics Assignment

Marketing and trading operations concern in Philips Electronics - Assignment ExampleOperations Management Part14Critical Evaluation of the Operations Management Strategy of Phillips15Operations Management Performance Objectives15Order Qualifiers and Order Winners of Philips17Contribution Made By Operations Management18Recommendations/Solutions to the political disjointy19References20Overview of the CompanyRoyal Philips Electronics is a Dutch multinational company with its briny branch in Amsterdam. The three main divisions of the company atomic number 18 Philips Consumer Lifestyle, Philips Healthcare and Philips Lighting. According to the statistics obtained in the 2012, it can be mentioned that Philips is one of the biggest producers of electronic products in the globe (Philips, 2012). The paper is divided into two parts. They are securities industrying activities of Philips and operations management of Philips. The marketing part of the paper attempts to identify the external environment of Philips and to evaluate the marketing strategy followed by the company. The study make headway endeavours to analyse various marketing tools used for the marketing of the products of Philips. The paper thus offers suggestions to the company regarding ways through with(predicate) which it can improve marketing activities. Furthermore, the operations management part of the study tries to critically evaluate the operations management strategy of Philips. It attempts to analyse the operations management performance objectives. ... The main political factors walloping the activity of the governing are employment laws, policy stability, tax policy and environmental regulations. It can be stated that in most of the countries of European Union there has been major alterations in the employment law. It is noted that most of the countries are quite concerned with the environment and are making an attempt to reduce pollution. In such cases, Philips, universe a large produc er of electronic products, might need to focus largely upon providing environmentally neighbourly consumer goods to maintain its sustainability (Export Gov, 2012). The United Kingdom is the seventh major saving in the world and the third biggest economy in the European Union. With quite a few trade obstacles, the United Kingdom is the entry market into the European Union for nearly 41000 US exporters. This proves to be quite beneficial for Philips (Export Gov, 2012). The social and the cultural impact on business alter from one country to the different country and from one area to the other region. Philips has its operations in numerous countries and it is because of this reason that the company needs to operate in vast and various socio-cultural arenas with workforce belonging to varied cultures. It is quite significant for Philips to adjust themselves with these alterations in terms of customer expectations from region to region and be capable of catering to their needs and re quirements. Most of the people belonging to the developed nations buy off imputable attention towards the culture of a company. Philips can be considered as an ethical company who pays due consideration towards the needs and the wants of the customers (Export Gov, 2012). Philips is quite dependent upon the constantly altering technological up-gradations that are

Review on Wood, Goffman, and Gergen's reading Essay

Review on Wood, Goffman, and Gergens reading - Essay ExampleIf one identifies his/herself with a tribe, the behavior or actions will reflect who or what an individual is (Fine & Manning 13).Information about the identity of mortal helps one to define the situation, it also enables people to know what to expect of them in advance, and what an individual expects of other(a)s in advance. indistinguishability enables people to know how best to act in order to get the best response from them. In order to know an individual well, an identity enables individual to see what the individual says about himself is true. It provides evidence of whoever the provider claims to be (Fine & Manning 18).To a communication scholar, identity enables the scholar resonates on why individuals judge themselves after their actions. whizz judges himself according to what others perceive him or her to be. Ones identity gets acquired through communicating with other people. Since we became not born with the u nderstanding of whoever we are, we develop this understanding by communicating with other people. Goffman believes that individuals act goal-directed in order to bring out their desired state. This they achieve by continually changing their actions in order to make their current opinion relate to their desired perceptual state. Goffman believe that what man does gets head with respect to the perceived culmination of the activity. According to Goffman, embarrassment does not come from poor performance, but earlier from the answers of others as perceived by ones self (Fine & Manning 28).He suggests that individuals have an obligation to bind their own and others claims to relevant identities. Embarrassment emerges if individual, expressive facts become threatened by his assumptions about his own identity. Goffman suggests that valet beings are performers who knowingly give and unwittingly give off different impressions. He claims that almost everyone is deft in the arts of

Nursing Leadership & Management and its Concerns Essay

Nursing Leadership & Management and its Concerns - Essay vitrineThere is certainly also the feeling that I am being taken advantage of because of my willingness to backing on other units. The nursing office may have other choices, still probably cerebrate me the easiest to convince. So, although it is not usually in my personality to be confrontational, I feel that I would have no choice under these circumstances and I would initially have to use the confronting difference resolution regularity in approaching this situation. I would need to confront the nurses office with the fact that I have no qualifications to work OB and that even though I have served in different capacities in the infirmary I would not feel secure in giving the patients in OB anywhere coterminous standard care. This also uses the technique of forcing my view on the nurses office so they can see that I am not willing to just say yes. However, not wanting to make my supervisors feel that I am not a team pla yer and simply do not want to befriend because it is Saturday night, I would also use the strategy of negotiation to help resolve the problem for both the infirmary and myself. Each party, may or may not be aware of the others conceptualization of the meaning of the conflict, but the parties do have what they believe is a clear concept of the conflict in their own mind. To chink the accuracy of the beliefs about the conflict, both parties need to sit down and determine the existence and nature of the conflict and the reasons it exists. (Kelly-Heidenthal, 2003, p. 338) I would suggest that I substitute for someone else on another ward that I am more capable of handling and that they are they are more qualified, work in OB. Although the Nurses office tell that I am the most qualified, I may only be the most available and if they looked into it the way of life I suggest they may be able to find an alternative. If they were not ableto, at to the lowest degree my offer to work would help to placate any suspicions that I am just trying to go out on a Saturday night.

An investigation into the theory and practice of management skills Essay

An investigation into the theory and radiation pattern of way skills development in the hospitality and tourism industries - Essay ExampleThankfully my research and pedantic proficiency led me to applying in Marriot International among other companies for a concern trainee post and getting a positive response from the company. Marriot International is the third largest chain of hotels in the world by employees and revenues but what touch me almost about the company was that it consistently got selected as iodine of the five most ethical companies in an annual review carried out by a rating and analysis firm.The company is based in the United States but has a large setup in the United Kingdom and offers a management trainee program or as the company calls it, a leadership development program, in 30 countries of the world. I got selected in this program that goes by the name of Voyage and conveyed my consent for joining appropriately quickly. Now I am an inductee into the progra m in its UK chapter and it is early days for me as a trainee of event management, a field of profession I chose to enter after long and careful deliberation. I think that the most prominent feature of event management that is not as important in other types of management is time management which I think is one of the best qualities a person can possess. overly if an event and the planning leading up to it are considered a complete project, I shall get to a greater extent experience of handling whole projects than I would have gotten in any other field of corporal management. Finally, I have taken this route because I would like to permanently leave the status of employee one day and establish my own company in the event management business.The first skill that I think I will be requiring to acquire to progress on this career path is retention my fitness level high. By fitness I do also mean personal wellness care as well. I have honestly concluded from what I have come to bop so far about the hypothesise of event management for large companies that it is a tenuous job it is both physically and

Teacher and Lords Prayer Essay Example for Free

Teacher and sea captains Prayer EssayPrior to 1944, in British Columbia, the Public Schools spiel (1872) permitted the use of the nobles Prayer in inauguration or remnant schooldays. In 1944, the government of British Columbia amended the Public Schools Act to provide for compulsory volume reading at the opening of the school day, to be followed by a compulsory recitation of the Lords Prayer. This amendment appeared as camarillaion 167 of the Public Schools Act, and read as follows15167. All public schools shall be unresolved by the reading, without explanation or comment, of a passage of record book to be selected from readings prescribed or sanction by the Council of Public Instruction. The reading of the passage of Scripture shall be followed by the recitation of the Lords Prayer, but otherwise the schools shall be conducted on strictly secular and non-sectarian principles. The highest morality shall be inculcated, but no spiritual dogma or creed shall be taught. 1948, c.42, s.167The compulsory nature of the ledger reading and charm recitation was slightly modified by regulations drawn up by the Council of Public Instruction. These regulations provided that either a teacher or student who has conscientious ground for objecting to the religious ceremonial occasions may be excused from them. The surgical operation to be followed in such cases was outlined in the regulations, which follow in fullDivision (15)Scripture Readings (Section 167)15.01 Where a teacher sends a written notice to the Board of School Trustees or official regent by whom he is employed that he has conscientious objections to conducting the. ceremony of reading prescribed selections from the Bible and reciting the Lords Prayer (as provided by Section 167 of the Public Schools Act), he shall be excused from such duty, and in such case it shall be the duty of the Board of School Trustees or official trustee touch to arrange with the Principal to have the ceremony conduct ed by some other teacher in the school, or by a school trustee, or, where neither of these alternatives is possible, by one of the senior school-age childs of the school or by some other suitable person other than an ordained member of a religious sect or denomination.15.02 Where the parent or guardian of any student attending a public school sends a written notice to the teacher of the pupil stating that for conscientious occasions he does not wish the pupil to attend the ceremony of reading prescribed selections from the Bible and reciting the Lords Prayer at the opening of school, the teacher shall excuse the pupil from attendance at such ceremony and at his discretion may assign the pupil some other useful employment at school during that period, but the pupil so excused shall not be deprived of any other benefits of the school by reason of his non-attendance at the ceremony.In 1982, the Canadian necessitate of Rights and Freedoms received royal assent. Section 2 of the char ter guaranteeing independence of conscience and freedom of religion trumped Section 167 of the Public Schools Act (1872). Sixteen years later in 1996, based on precedent that would be established in Ontario (1989), required recitation of the Lords Prayer as outlined in the Public Schools Act would be held to violate the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.In 1989, Joan Russow challenged, in the British Columbia Supreme Court, the Public Schools Acts requirement that in British Columbia all public schools were to be opened with the Lords Prayer and a Bible reading. The argument was similar to the Zylberberg case and the result was the same The offending words in the Public Schools Act were removed as being inconsistent with freedom of conscience and religion guarantees in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Further following the Zylberberg case to strike down use of the Lords Prayer in schools,17 the British Columbia Supreme Court incorporated the Ontario Court of Appeals decisi on in Zylberberg in its entirety.From 1871 to 1989, observance of school prayer had declined.With the unfavorable court decision, the requirement for Christian morning exercises was replaced with the following clauses found in the School Act (1996) in British Columbia.18Conduct76 (1) All schools and Provincial schools must be conducted on strictly secular and nonsectarian principles.(2) The highest morality must be inculcated, but no religious dogma or creed is to be taught in a school or Provincial school.

Energy Drinks, the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Essay Example for Free

button Drinks, the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly EssayEnergy drinks, also known as power boosters, are soft drinks that contain nutrients and nigh(a) flavor. The name of some free energy drinks are Red Bull, quiverstar, and hellion. These drinks help reform and boost energy levels. throng who drink power beverages experience decrease in melodic line, muscle strain, and fatigue. office beverages also help improve speed and reaction. Energy drinks should remain on the market because they help athletes, workers, and students keep an eye on performance, endurance and momentum. The to the highest degree accepted energy drink is Red Bull. Red Bull contains caffeine and sodium. caffein acts as a pick-me-up, giving people the feeling of being awake and alert. Sodium helps to prevent the embody from losing water. These ingredients work together to increase energy levels in the human body. Red Bull commercials often gambol athletes, students, and workers drinking its products. Some people prefer to drink diet energy drinks. Red Bull is the exactly brand that offers power drinks in diet, making it the most popular energy drink on the market.Monster Energy, second in popularity, is highly favored by the adult community. It is the energy drink of choice for most athletes. Monster largely relies on a high dosage of sugar and caffeine to boost the users energy level. After drinking one can of Monster, users experience a feeling that is similar to drinking cardinal cups of coffee. Rock Star is available in fourteen different flavors and is preferred by the younger generation.People that like to party prefer Rock Star because it prevents them from getting tired. The increased amounts of sugar and vitamins in Rock Star help prevent low energy. This gives party goers power to keep going. Energy drinks are good for people because they keep the human body alert. Most brands can be purchased in any store. major power drinks contain nutrients good flavor, and incr eases energy levels. Many people seek energy boosters to improve metabolism and fix immune system when dieting.These drinks help people to stay alert in everyday life plys such as working, playing sports, and school. Red Bull and Monster both contain Vitamin B. Vitamin B is important to the body. It improves the function of red and white blood cells. Cells are instrumental in ridding the body of impurities and promoting healthy liver function. Energy drinks should not be taken off the market because they help athletes, workers, and students to maintain performance, providing momentum during times of stress and strain.

Caravaggio’s Religious Imagery Essay Example for Free

Caravaggios spectral Imagery EssayThe topic to be examined involves the iconological report of selected religious works by Italian fraudist Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. The term iconological refers to the study of visual imagery and its symbol and interpretation, especially in social or political terms. The primary intend of this research newspaper is to study the symbolism of Caravaggios paintings and their impact on hostelry in a historical sense through present day. A secondary purpose is to determine the extent to which, if any, that his art has influenced politics and religion dating back to the late sixteenth century. in that location are three facets of the research problem (1) the impact of the new Baroque style of painting that Caravaggio delimit (2) the influence that his religious works had on the church, politics, and society and (3) the iconological study of Caravaggio. The study is significant for two reasons. First, since art and culture pick up maj or influence on society and history, it is important to recognize Caravaggio for his role in averting the threat of Protestantism by replacing the ruling Mannerism period of European painting with his beginning naturalistic approach to chiaroscuro.The term chiaroscuro refers to a painting technique that involves an intricate use of shadow and light. Second, the study will address the implications for art and religion in society in relation to the issue of barriers and obstacles that have been faced and whether they have been truly overcome. Hypotheses Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio profoundly changed the art world, bringing about definitiveness to Baroque and eliminating Mannerism. Caravaggios authentic religious works that filled the Counter-Reformation Church helped to form specific religions based on imagery.The symbolism and interpretation of Caravaggios religious pieces was that they were radically natural, combining theatre and drama with close physical observations. In pr oving the above hypotheses to be true through utilization of the following regularityology, the impact of Caravaggio on religion and society will be obvious. It is also necessary to take other scholars who have come before him into stipulation in pasture to detail exactly what impact his works have made.Although he was somewhat neglected after a short period of fame in the seventeenth century, until the twentieth century, he is to be formally credited with the evolution of art from Mannerism to the new Baroque. There has been an overall positive impact on art and religion because of his development. Methodology The research will use a non-experimental design. The data collection method will be a combination of observation, interviews, and the use of preexisting records.After an initial period in Australia, becoming familiar with relevant secondary material on the subject I will go to Italy to analyze paintings first hand. The three religious works by Caravaggio that have been se lected for personal observation in situ are as follows n Deposition of Christ in the Sepulchre, 1602-1603, Oil on Canvas, 300 x 203cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana, Vatican City n The Calling of Saint Matthew, 1599-1600, Oil on Canvas, 322 x 340cm, Contareli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome n crucifixion of Saint Peter, 1600, Oil on Canvas, 230 x 175cm, Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome Literature ReviewIn researching the set topic, many of the traditional sources, articles and books, on Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio and his works were that of negativity giving him little or no credit for the profound impact he has had on art history. The intention of this research paper is to wear out the truth through interpretation while counter-arguing past research on the subject that is seemingly wrongly represented. Primary Sources Alpers, Svetlana. Describe or Narrate? A Problem in Realistic Representation. New literary History, Vol 81, Readers and Spectators Some Views and Rev iews (Autumn 1976), pp. 15-41This article, taken from the New Literary History journal, volume 8, discusses Caravaggio as a massive artist but describes his art as offensive and vulgar rather than profound and evolutionary. In order to validly make my claim, it is necessary to show arguments against my stated hypotheses and counter them effectively, which is why this article will be of significant use to me in compiling my extracted information. Chorpenning, Joseph F. Another Look at Caravaggio and Religion. Artibus et Historiae, Vol 816 (1987), pp. 149-158I believe this journal article can provide the basis for my project. It is very similar to the intentions of my research paper and will help to make my finished piece a worthwhile, significant, and original investigation for the truth. Friedlaender, Walter F. Caravaggio Studies. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1955 Walter Friedlaender, the author of Caravaggio Studies, is genius of the first to write about the obscure Ita lian artist. Although sections of the biography appear to be speculative, there is a great deal of information that is unavailable elsewhere in this book.

Diplomatic History Essay Example for Free

Diplomatic History Essay carrying into action Rolling Thunder refers to an intense onslaught carried erupt by the joined States against the North Vietnamese in the period amongst 1965-1968. The rationale behind this set upon was non clear, as even its chief architects believe it was not clear-cut. No one had arrogate into rumination the governmental costs and loss of lives. chairperson Johnson hoped that with this onslaught, he would boost the dying morale of the southern Vietnamese by impressing upon them the Americans might.This however achieved the opposite by diminishing his political a conspireeing at home and did not help to bring the North Vietnamese to the negotiating give in as was hoped. The Six-Day War is a warfargon that honeycombed Israel on one side against Jordan, Egypt and Syria. These countries had vowed not to recognize the legitimacy of Israel and wanted it destroyed, however Israel victory dealt these countries a huge blow and they retreated after it became apparent that Israel would hit their capital. This war brought a near clang between two superpowers then, the get together States and the Soviet Union, with the U.S behind Israel and USSR behind the Arab conjures. This war had put the U. S in a tight spot as it did not want to sour its dealing with the Arabs or its diplomatic ties with Israel. This is seen as the reason why the U. S exercised restrain and only aided Israel with weapons but no direct intervention. The Iran Contra Scandal occurred in 1987 and refers to a deal entered into by president Reagans administration and Iran. The United States was to supply Iran with weapons so that it would facilitate and press for the rel comforter of American hostages held by the Hezbollah. This malicious gossip tarnished the U.S stand abroad of not negotiating with terrorists and also light-emitting diode to the plummeting of Reagans popularity. It would also see the conviction of some high-altitude officials. Mikhail Serg eyevich Gorbachev of Russia was the last president of the United Soviet Socialist Republic before it collapsed in 1991. He is hailed for having initiated the happen upon that led to the end of cold war. He introduced reforms in Russia and tightened the relatives with chairwoman Ronald Regan, ending the cold war and consequently the breaking up the USSR. It is during this tenure that the relations between the USSR and the U.S were improved. Core to his reforms was re-introduction of ties with the west. Kosovo, Yugoslavia, had been exciteed by chip between Albania guerillas and Serb forces. The United States and NATO forces stepped in to help quell the fighting resulting to what came to be known as Operation Allied Forces that initiated an onslaught against Serbia till Slobodan Milosevic withdrew from Kosovo. The United States oer the years was actively involved in the member meant to restore peace although the congress did not expressly authorize the air strikes nor axis vertebr ak them.To date The UN annunciation 1244 has failed to establish the status of Kosovo. The United States has been supporting what is referred to as the Ahtisaari plan that seeks to have Kosovo supervised. Russia is opposing the plan and vows to phthisis the Veto power should the situation demand. The Dayton Accords refer to the peace pacts that saw the end of the Bosnia war in 1995. This agreement was the culmination of a series of negotiations that had before been unfruitful. The United States and Russia had been mounting pressure for the warring sides to accept negotiations.These negotiations held in Ohio brought together a cross section of leaders from the region. This was done under the tutelage of the U. S repository of state Warren Christopher together with the representatives of European Union. The Official peace pact was to be signed in France by Clinton, John Major, and Jacques Chirac amongst others. This pact was to see the international community lead the implementati on of the treaty support by the NATO forces. Ngo Dinh Diem was born in 1901. He went to the United States due to political turmoil at home.In the US he would meet the then influential leaders where he reiterated his opposition to colonialism and fabianism in his bid to gain their approval. He succeeded and the United States inst entirelyed him as the president hoping he would become a U. S puppet. This however did not happen and he was oppressive of the Southern Vietnamese. He rigged the elections that were to adhere and imprisoned opposition leaders and critics. The United States was torn between a rock and a strenuous place, it risked being stuck with an unpopular leader who was unable to unite Vietnam and in turn lose the country to the communists.This is what led CIA to sanction a plot to have Diem assassinated by failing to offer the protection they were bounteous him before. Consequently he was assassinated in 1963 and his place taken by Nguyen Van Thieu. The relationship between the United States and PLO can only be described as that of perpetual hostility towards each other. To the United States, PLO represented a major threat to its interests and ally in Middle East. PLO also saw the U. S as a threat and that is why it aligned itself with the USSR and took a strong anti-American stance.In offend of this standoff, the United States initiated a dialogue between the two in 1988. PLO accepted the status of Israel and concord to punctuate terrorism hence triggering the dialogue. All along there had been a long stand-off between the two as PLO had ref roled to acknowledge the existence of Israel era in turn the U. S had not recognized PLO as the express of the Palestine people. By accepting to negotiate with the PLO, PLO saw this as a form of recognition and it mat that it had won against the U. S hard stance. The U.S stand against PLO and the initiation of the talks has always been a de borderate moment in Middle East because it gave an interna tional recognition, in line with the UN resolutions, a nation it considered a terrorist movement. The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) fronted by President Reagan, aimed at developing a agreement that would use ground and space systems to defend the United States in case of a nuclear ballistic missiles attack. This system did not succeed as it was intended to, but it is hailed as being the basis under which the menses anti-ballistic missiles were made.All these efforts and research was put under the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization that was brought together in 1984 to oversee all matters relating to missile defense reaction. The Taliban are a Sunni Islamic movement that was at the helm of leading in Afghanistan for a period of five years up to 2001 when they were removed from power by a coalition of forces led by the united states. It has a rather interesting history as in its early days it was supported by the United States to fight off the communists who wanted to t ake over Afghanistan.After taking over power in 1998, the Taliban hard stance, Sharia law, suppression and persecutions did not delight it to many countries including the United States which saw it as harboring terrorists such as the Al Qaeda. It was ousted from power by a coalition of forces and the Northern alliance in what came to be known as war on terror. vary 2 President Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger appease the two of the most chief(prenominal) figures in the United States as far as outside(prenominal) policy is concerned. No doubt that Nixons administration was riddled with a scandal that would lead to his resignation.Critics agree however that his tenure was not without some important accomplishments. Appropriately President Nixon came into power when the cold war had intensified and the world was at the brink of war with the United States and the Soviet Union rocked into a perpetual duel that was threatening a peaceful co-existence between the West and East. Presi dent Nixon was elected on a platform of ending American forces engagement in Vietnam. This, he achieved although his withdrawal was rather slow much to the consternation of many Americans.It had seemed that Nixon rather believed that he could correct the mess he had inherited in Vietnam, snatch victory and withdraw the troops honorably. This however did not happen and the events that followed remain his lowest moments in leadership. Nixon and Kissinger were advocating a foreign policy that would see the United States pursue an effort to limit the expansion of the Soviet bloc influence, support militarily and economically any governments that would aid their course whether or not such governments were repressive or had poor ratings as far as cultivated rights are concerned.This would explain why this tenure was characterized by overthrowal from power popularly elected regimes and supplanting them with dictatorial leaderships. Iran and chili serves as good attestation to this. The key objective of Nixon administration was to keep communism in buffalo chip at whatever cost even if it meant trampling on the civil rights of the citizens and dropping hundreds of bombs. The Vietnam War liquid remains the biggest to both Kissinger and Nixons profiles.Faced with growing opposition and plummeting opinion ratings, Nixon remained aloof and initiated attacks in Vietnam while hoodwinking the American public by withdrawing the forces bits by bits. To his administration place with honor remained the key strategy. It is Detente that remains the hallmark of his achievements, on top of his ability to limit and finally withdraw American forces from Vietnam. In Detente he promised to ease relations with the former archrivals of America.It was a new type of diplomacy that would see a aeonian residue of relations between the superpowers, even the nations that were perceived as enemies before. This, he accomplished by improving the relations between the United States and Chin a. Kissinger was Nixons key operative. He was highly secretive to the extent that his meeting with Chinese officials was unknown to the ambassador of the U. S to China, George Bush snr. However he was able to improve the sour relation that existed.This was in the Nixons bid to woo China after it had fallen out with the Soviet bloc and consequently tilt the balance to his advantage. Aided by the Kissinger, Nixon introduced what was referred to as the Nixon Doctrine this is what formed the basis of his foreign policy. The United States, to maintain its influence would provide military support to its allies but not in any way provide troops. In wooing China, Nixon and Kissinger who were realists, had reconciled that China was far much important to be ignored in the international scene being the most populous.This also gave impetus to his re-election bid especially as the Ping Pong diplomacy had drawn a perception that he identify with the common voter. Through the Strategic Arms Limita tion Treaty of 1972 (SALT), the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to curtail further production of high range ballistic missiles as well as their defense systems. This strategic parity, as many scholars refer to it, was to be a substitute to the arms race. The Soviet bloc agreed to this immediately probably fearing the improved relations between China and the United States.To envelop up Nixon achievements in foreign policy was his visit to China, where he became the first president to do so this had privately been arranged by Kissinger. He also went to Moscow where he and Brezhner signed the SALT and art agreements. The shuttle diplomacy also said off relatively where Henry Kissinger was able to broker a peace deal with Israel an Arab in the Yom Kippur war. In this war the U. S had been torn between a rock and a hard place. It sought to protect Israel and did not want to scuttle its friendship with the Arab states.Although Nixon had the above achievements, his mistakes or miscalculations further outweighed the accomplishments. Many people in U. S and internationally remember him for his misdeeds more that these achievements. His administration hit handedly put the image of the United States as a champion of civil rights and peace into disrepute. To start with was his treatment of the Vietnam War. He was unable to come to terms with the fact that the United States could lose the war and was willing to put the lives of American soldiers on the line to drive this point home, but to no avail.Despite cutting his elevation in the international limelight as a statesman by establishing ties with china, the question of Vietnam is still in truth troublesome to both Nixon and Kissinger. Nixon had vowed to win peace. Vietnamization or the concerted attack in Laos and Cambodia put a permanent dent on his reputation. He hoped that these would paint an image of a madman and compel Hanoi to reach a favorable agreement. These attacks prompted Americans to take to t he streets in protest especially as it became apparent that he had dropped all pretext of diplomacy.Although Kissinger was able to bring the warring parties into negotiations, the terms were not any different from the ones that north Vietnam had brought to the table in 1969, an indication that all those years of attack and loss of lives had not borne fruits especially to the United States. It is the Watergate scandal however that broke the camels back and forced Nixon out of office. The Watergate scandal remains the greatest evidence of the atrocities committed by the United States where both Kissinger and Nixon undermined democracy in the third world and brought bloodshed.It is these atrocities that led to calls by civil and human rights activists to have Kissinger investigated for crimes against humanity. After the scandal, the United States was not credible in its self-proclaimed international role. Oil crises would bulk large in the U. S as the Middle East placed embargoes. Th ere was also a political re-alignment with disillusionment characterizing the Republican Party. Kissinger however was left unscathed and went on to serve as the secretary of state in Ford and Carters administration. Nixons presidency is a tenure that many Americans would wish to put behind.

A personal quality Essay Example for Free

A personal quality EssayIt has often been said that the true card of a person can be seen through her deeds. I feel that I am no different in that I am a woman of action but more importantly a woman of compassion. Since I was young, I natur anyy learned the importance of sharing and share from my parents. They motivate me to consider the sharing and helping as the most basic privileges of my life. I was greatly motivated by the bibliography of Albert Schweitzer and Florence Nightingale. These role models nonplus greatly influenced my character. Taking classical ballet classes since I was 3 years onetime(a) until I became 17 years old, I have had many experiences and qualities that I am quite high off. I have always been a swell rounded individual. On top of my ballet classes, I went to school and performed very well in my academics. I have also learned how to accomplish these extra-curricular activities magic spell still maintaining very good grades.My parents have always been community oriented their whole life and have devoted much of their time reaching out and helping other people in our community. Naturally, I learned how to use my ability to help the others who are in need and how to interact with them readily and satisfactorily. My approving thoughts and incessant enthusiasm toward the other cultures greatly affected in learning and accepting the new cultures.Thus, I was adamantly sure that I wanted to study more about the world(prenominal) cultures and increase the global sensibility while studying in the University. The works that I have done while I was in school such(prenominal) as garnering those valuable awards are complimented by my social work. Most importantly, I figured out my lifetime goal, gained many relationships and learned the valuable lesson of sharing. All my contributions, small or big, seemed to be very appreciated by those people and I felt proud of myself.After all those volunteer works and the depth in education, I a m now more confident about myself and I made up my mind to challenge myself to get into UC. I will significantly apply all that I saw, listened, and felt in the community works to my educational goals. I will try my interrupt to become a role model of adopting the proper measures for the relief of the minorities to provide them fair opportunities and advantages in life. With well analyzed research data and convincing demonstration, I will play an important role as a link between the minorities and the supporter.While I personally believe that there is no such thing as a free lunch and that everything a person has in life essential come from hard work and perseverance, I also believe in charity. I believe in helping others who do not have much in life. I believe in helping people regardless of their nation, race or creed. I believe in being a better person so I can beat help myself and others around me. I believe that UC is the best place for me to turn these beliefs into realiti es.

Compare the theme of outsiders in Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Compare the theme of outlanders in Frankenstein EssayD, so he wanted to join the terrorist assembly to seek r even upge. In this respect Daz is similar to the monster, they are both willing to commit heinous crimes for vengeance. Del thats my brovver thay construe im raiding wiv Dred. Top him dont thay. This quote shows how Dazs brother was killing in a raid with Dred. After the darkness in the Blue Moon where he saved Zoe and her friends, Daz finds himself an outcast from two societies. He was still physically a chippy, which means he is non allowed in Silverdale and, he helped out the enemy subbies which make him not an accepted chippy.After Daz and Zoe they contact each other d superstar letters and finally when they meet, the reader cope that Daz does not want to be a chippy. Throughout this novel we are constantly reminded of this forbidden love. I seen this Subby girl, our mam. Forget her, Daz. Not easy, our mam. Not easy. Daz is given a negative response from his mum, when he explains that he has met Zoe. nonetheless, erst Daz meets Zoe he realises he does not want to be an outsider any longer, Dazs priorities and views of subbies change. Like Victor, Daz is very ascertain he takes a lot of risks for Zoe and to make his manners better.It appears to the reader that Zoe has the perfect life, money, excellent houses, cars and good facilities. However it becomes evermore clear that Zoe feels trapped and un adroit. Zoe is an outsider because after she meets Daz, Silverdale citizens see her as a chippy lover. Thats why we nominate fences and lights and guards some kids get fed up being cooped up a suburbs a pretty nice place but any place with a fence aroundll get to you, eventually. This quote shows the reader how a Subby teenager slew become fed up with the enclosed lifestyle.Zoe feels this because she is brainwashed into believing her existence is happy and enjoyable. Similar to Daz, when the two forbidden lovers meet her prioriti es changes. Zoe the loyal and hard working daughter rebels against her parents old fashioned and single minded views. Unlike Daz, Zoe is an outsider by choice. Her easiest option could have been to lead a prescript life as a young, well-educated Silverdale resident. Nevertheless, Zoe decides to leave the suburb and live in the city, choosing to become an outsider from two societies.Zoe chooses to be an outsider and is similar to Victor she sees that defending things that are important to her holds great risks. For the set-back time I contemplated the enormity of the step I had just taken This quote shows how Zoe realises that she has left her Subby life to live in the city this is the first physical sign of her becoming an outsider. In Daz 4 Zoe Zoes gran is not an obvious outsider. To begin with Grandma is not a visible outsider, although later we go on to find she is the founder of the illegitimate organisation.She is very similar to Robert Walton as they are both outsiders in their thoughts and views, however they are not outcasts. Grandma was part of an underground outfit called F. A. I. R, which stands for Fraternal Alliance for Integration through Reunification. Resembling Victor, Robert Walton and Zoe, she is an outsider through choice and these views influence Zoe. Daz 4 Zoe and Frankenstein both discuss outsiders in society, and how people can be born outcasts and how others chose to be secluded from society because of their ambitions, beliefs or interests.We read how Daz and the Monster we forced into seclusion, separated from society. Also how Zoe, Victor, Grandma and Robert Walton choose to live their lives dangerously and even unhappily because of their thoughts. The nineteenth century literary productions and the contemporary novel are relevant to todays society. In the present culture we have different castes, religions, races even different accents, Daz 4 Zoe shows an extreme version of abused power and prejudice. Due to advances in med ical erudition in the present day limbs can be sewn on, torso parts reshaped new hide tissue be formed.Frankenstein again shows excessive power, since the novel was written we have had cloning and artificial body parts The two novels both are severe results of social issues we have today. I feel the good of the two novels combined is that with no action, modern society could find themselves in these difficult situations. 1 pose preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section. Download this essay Print fork up Not the one? Search for

U.S. television networks Essay Example for Free

U.S. telly nedeucerks EssayTelevision is straightaway one of the most popular quotations of information, so in that respect is a descend of networks, participating in the market competition and thus remaining sensitive to the audiences beliefs and preferences at the same time they to great extent shape the needs and culture of the population. The present paper argues that the popularity of a television network greatly depends upon its autonomy and ability to both combine creation and broadcast of a TV-product, as well as upon its rejection and deconstruction of the objective reality, which the target audience is likely to criticize, for the purpose of twist an alternative world, dominated by the key values of the potential consumers. In her article, Johnson touches briefly the institutional twist and underlying economics of CBS and PAX-TV, high-rated and extremely popular networks, which seek to provide uniform TV-products around the country moreover, they argon also simil ar in their fear approach Both networks care strikingly similar business strategies, branding appeals, the same flagship programs produced by Martha Williamson (Johnson, 2004, p.404).Whereas CBS has kinda a democratic and friendly slogan, PAX-TV states its mission in quite sacred terms however, both networks are established by media magnates with orientation to pious audiences, so they share their programming content freely. However, on that point is also one non-commercial network called PBS, which positions itself as non-profit and thus does not knowledge any broadcasting stations as a result, it cannot reach the desirable uniformity of broadcasting CBS and PAX-TV demonstrate. agree to Meehan Byars, two decades ago, there began a tendency for large companies ownership of TV carrys these corporations often enmeshed with the creation of their own TV-products like films and shows, so they were becoming increasingly more autonomous in the excerpt of the information to broad cast. Furthermore, the advent and popularization of commercial cable television allowed these large TV-industry players to ensure they had a enduring convocation of loyal consumers (Meehan Byars, 2004, p. 92). As opposed to this obvious integration of channels into large companies, it is possible to typify the abovementioned PBS, coordinated by several non-profit organizations, which seek to provide free and independent broadcasting.Johnson observes that the audiences of CBS and PAX-TV are composed in the first place of conservative, family-oriented middle-class and working-class Americans, who believe in God and greatly value conversations on religious topics. The owners of the two networks assume that the existing American culture is not fully tolerable by Americans themselves, especially by the older generation, and therefore seek an alternative reality, primarily through programming and display of movies and shows based upon idyllic pastoral and religious themes.As it has b een mentioned above, CBS and PAX-TV have quite friendly or peaceful slogans, which they used as promos in broadcasting this turn seems likable to the conservative audience. Both networks tend to focus on atomic family values, affiliation to Christianity and material well-being or ability to provide for oneself (Johnson, 2004, pp.406-407).Meehan and Byars take a little opposite approach and state that Lifetime has gradually shaped itself as a liberal feminist channel and seized in the 1980s a new audience, independent females with white-collar jobs (Meehan Byars, 2004, p. 94). One of the most powerful tools of stretch the target group was the creation and display of the companys own films, dedicated to the occupational and social issues in working womens life Both The Good Fight and Shame illustrated Lifetimes operational definition of television for women during the emergent period (Meehan Byars, 2004, p.96). Further, the network began to employ the characters of female office rs, detectives and FBA agents, so there appeared the first female superheroes.The product was conceptually novel and thus met a fully expected response, the groups adherence to Lifetime. In the present day, this segmentation has become even more obvious for instance, there are networks for minority groups, much(prenominal) as Galavision and Telefutura, developing networks for children like Qubo and ThinkBright and specialized sports networks for those men who prefer to vex comprehensive sports news without switching between channels. However, the abovementioned companies use much simpler tools of spread amongst the target audience, including language (native to the minority group), interesting intellectual games and scientific problems for minors and focus on soccer and baseball most American men are interested in.Both articles, being addressed in the paper, identify a circumstances of values the networks communicate for the purpose of obtaining their target viewers. In particul ar, CBS and PAX-TV broadcast explicit stories about self-sufficient and get on people, who dedicate themselves to their family and career moreover, Johnson asserts the importance of middleness (Johnson, 2004, p. 408), which means both the corresponding geographic location and politically soggy views, which reconcile the right and the left. Conservatism as valuable by itself is often communicated through showing ball-shaped and American cultural anomalies and positioning the traditional, time-honored lifestyle as a way of avoiding problems and succeeding in social life and work.In addition, order to achieve the admiration of ordinary Americans, CBS and PAX-TV also rely heavy upon the American dream, or realization of all dimensions of life through hard work and observance of religious principles for this purpose, they include the true TV-stories about modest self-made Americans. The telefeminist network, in order to maintain customer loyalty, nowadays also orients to such values as love, family, as opposed to female strength, stressed in the other(a) 1990s (Meehan and Byars, 2004, p.102).Intrafamilial harmony also becomes the emphasis in Lifetimes films, which depict the peaceful coexistence of the braces of professionals, genuinely motivated for their job, but also interested in preserving their marriage and family as a source of support. However, it is possible to exemplify an alternative strategy, which can be categorized as broadening of focus, which consists in the attempt to respond the questions most Americans ask to themselves. For instance, ABC frequently broadcasts reality series (e.g. Lost) to gear up the degree to which a person might change under the new or stressful conditions however, such TV-product also implicitly reveals the importance of the American dream and value of a self-made personality, capable of resisting real-life challenges. whole kit and caboodle citedJohnson, V. CBS, PAX-TV, and heartland values in a neo-network era. In Th e Television Studies Reader, edited by Robert C.Allen and Annette Hill. Routlege, 2004, pp. 403-416.Meehan, E. and Byars, J. Telefeminism. How Lifetime Got Its Groove, 1984 -1997. In The Television Studies Reader, edited by Robert C.Allen and Annette Hill. Routlege, 2004, pp. 92-104.

Foundation Of America Essay Example for Free

Foundation Of the States EssayChristians in the united states of America would fully back up this argument in any given circumstance and they are neither right or haywire this is because they have every angiotensin-converting enzyme is entitled to his opinion. There are those who are for the visible horizon that Americas foundation is based on secular ideals of enlightenment. Christianity is linked to the formation of America because of the values in the declaration of independence document.This document i s non institution in a America and has got no any legal bindings be to a greater extent precise its as document that was drafted by the Americans fore fathers to the Britons on their grievances that they were subjected to during imperialisms this document cannot even be employ as a source of evidence in any court of rightfulness. (Baldwin 34) In the early vitamin C Christianity was the predominant religion in America and still is because of its strong roots.With Christ ianity in full frontal coif it permitted different things to accompany it like ecumenism is the act of many denominations coming together and pluralism hence iodine of many churches. During this early century pilgrims flee away from Europe in order to escape phantasmal persecution of them settled in America and hence the growth and expansion of Christianity. Christians believe that Americans was founded by Christian begetter who had a view of a government that would help it to rise to greater level.The founding fathers who worked on the Americas constitution were mcoals of the orthodox church and further search shows that even the first continental congress was to open in Christian prayers. They believed that religion and government should actually go hand in hand hence they extremely encouraged it. This view has been held in America for approximately 150 years (Dowel 42). In the 1980s during the well-behaved war,protestants trade unioned together for a reform with a purpose of constitution amendments was solely to declare America as a Christ nation.In a bid to spread Christianity to all,One particular Rev. M. Watson even went forrard to suggest that some coins should recognize Gods presence (Jean 56). This according to them America was meant to be officially a Christian state. Colonies had come up with churches and taxed all citizens to their support regardless of being a church m ember or not. unfortunately to those who evaded tax were imprisoned,tortured or even ended up in death. This brings us to the other persons that support the view that America is founded on secular ideals and enlightenment.The constitution is purely secular and apparently no Christ has been mentioned in it . The core founders rulers like Thomas Jefferson,Madison and their allies believed in themselves and were never Christians. With the persecution of those who evaded tax,these rulers helped pass law allowing religious freedom to all. These rulers were deists and never even consortred with the bible or anything in it. Thomass Jefferson one of Americas founding presidents jilted Christianity to a point that he actually thought that it produced fools and hypocrites belief was that religions are founded on myths.America is one of those countries that have actually set a pace when it come to democracy. Revealingly, democracy was first began in heathen Greece. This actually shows there could be a link between Americas and democracy and paganism. This is according to those who hold the view that it was never founded on Christianity. Religion is also another factor that holds on principals that make a country. Thomass Jefferson had previous passed law allowing religious freedom to all.Religion clearly indicates that its not in their interest to simply it to join it. In the declaration of independence it talks of men being created equal. This is a value that the Christians uphold in their teachings alone in the 1970s blacks and native Americans were not e qual with whites,neither were men equal with women nor men with dry land equal to men who dint own land. probably this is a an argument point to those who do not concur with the fact that America was based on a Christian foundation.A constitution a licitly binding document when it was enacted to become law it freed many on religion basis but since it did not render special treatment to Christians they argued that America would be unsuccessful on the contrary it emerged a highly power. democracy is fully enjoyed by all in America regardless of their religion unlike in other countries where religion is a force to reckon with people are suppressed and oppressed if they take on not abide by the founding religion.Christianity early roots do not ascertain it to be Americas foundation was not in the interest of Thomas Jefferson and his cronies to make it a Christian nation but they strived to separate the government and church.Works citedDowel , Clem. Christian foundation in America. Ca liforniaprovident publishers limited, 2005. Jean, bloody shame L. America Christian History. Wyomingsecondary press, 2002. Baldwin,Michael. Declaration of independence . BostonPoint books,2001.

Goblin Market by Christina Rosetti Essay Example for Free

Goblin Market by Christina Rosetti EssayGoblin Market by Christina Rosetti I believe this verse tells a story, a story near temptation and lust, close to the rely to obtain something the fabricator clearly is non meant to take or have. It has similarities to the Story in the bible about the Garden of Eden. Adam and Eve have been told You be free to eat from any tree in the garden but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for if you eat you get out surely die. When I hit the books the numbers by Christina Rosetti it makes me call about that story because of the opening lines I ate and ate my fill, Yet my mouth waters stillThe narrator, like Adam and Eve, felt dissatisfy with what they were getting. They were always going to want much(prenominal), never satisfied. in that location are subtle hints that the narrator should not be eating the fruit, but this makes the fruit taste better and more appealing. The actors line that have been us ed are double edged for spokesperson Cherries worth getting On it own this sounds innocent and appears to be about fruit The double meaning here, I believe, suggests that something or someone is desired. Wanting to taste but not being quite sure this also links with virginity, untouched and this is where the lust comes inI think the words Christina Rosetti has chosen are extremely clever because you have to read the poem conviction and date again to get the true meaning this keeps the reader interested for longer. Every time you look at this poem you interpret something else you didnt notice before. I feel that to try and pull out the striking words would not be of benefit, as they are all seemingly striking and without the rest of the poem attached they would not appear as exceptional I believe this would not be doing justice to the poem.For example the word Pellucid to me is very striking but alone, without the rest of the sentence, it makes no sense and the feeling is not th e same. The line Pellucid grapes without one seed To me has much more of an effect and shows a lot more about the narrators emotions. I think the tone of this poem is unpredictable as there are diametrical meanings. When you first read this poem and you see that it is about fruit, one may start to feel that the narrator is babbling, as it does not make a great deal of sense. For example To-morrow night I go out buy some more and kissed her.This, in the context of fruit, seems out of place and somewhat irrelevant. It is only when you read the poem again, this time realising that it is not quite as innocent as it first seemed, that the tone changes it becomes more exciting and profound. I would say that the mood of the poem changes when the realisation of the poems true meaning sinks in. While the poem just seems to be about fruit I found the persona offered no excitement or anticipation. This changes quite dramatically when you realise that the poem is actually quite unconventional as it is hinting at a sexual relationship between cardinal women.For example Cheek to cheek and breast to breast Locked in concert in one snuggle At this point the voice then seems to become playfully mischievous. There are a lot of similes in this poem, for instance Like two pigeons in one nest I think Christina Rosetti wanted the reader to really visualise what was going on also I feel that she used simile to create a feeling of anticipation, using a familiar catch of closeness. Like two flakes of newly fallen snow Is very clearly talking about two mass who are having a sexual relationship, but also telling us that it is the first time and in actual fact they are both virgins.Snow, when it has just fallen, is untouched and perfect in everyway gum olibanum symbolising purity. Not a bat flapped to and fro Round their nest Is an example of the use of metaphor in this poem. People do not sleep in a nest and yet these two people are being likened to animals. This I believe creates a feeling of peacefulness, nothing moving. This is representing that they have reached a approach and they are now enjoying the serenity of the moment. An illustration of the use of personification in this poem is Wind interpret to them a lullabyThe wind of course cannot sing but the image is used to create a peaceful atmosphere. I image it would be really calming and relaxing to have the wind render a lullaby. Alliteration is not strongly used in this poem I could only find one example which is And sugar sweet their sap I feel this is to heighten the readers experience, making them some taste the sugariness, thus allowing the reader to really get in touch with what is happening in the poem. This poem uses a lot of run on lines an there are only two full stop in the poem.I think this increases the anticipation as well as the feeling of expectation as you can never see how it is going to end. The metre is quite smooth and sinuous and it is used by the narrator to keep the seque nce of events told in the poem flowing. The tempo and manner of the poem, as I utter earlier, changes when you realise its true meaning. I feel that this happens to keep the suspense. This poem has a sporadic rhyming genius because some lines rhyme and others dont but I feel that this is in keeping with the rest of the poems style as it is all rather unconventional.

Sexuality at Different Life Stages Essay Example for Free

sexuality at Different Life Stages EssayAnna, an adolescent girl, is very some(prenominal) in love with her bloke who is three years one-time(a) than she. He is putting a lot of storm on her to go sex. At the same time, she is anxious about her parents attitude towards her boyfri give notice. Her mother constantly warns her about dating an older boy and assumes that he int decisions to take advantage of her.Young Anna is experiencing new emotions along with new physical sensations triggered by endocrines and the lives of her peers. There are several topics Anna involve to discuss in order to make the better end without musical noteing uncomfortable or forced by her parents, her boyfriend, or even her therapist.Annas AgeAnna needs to discuss the difference between what she is shadeing now versus how she lead feel as an adult, once the hormone levels have evened out. It is important for her to understand that what she thinks whitethorn be a long term, emotional, attach ment, may end much sooner than she think and that making a decision based on these emotion may end up causing her emotional pain. By explaining to Anna that, if the love is as strong as she believes it to be, her relationship will last long enough for her to be able to make this decision without all of the physical, emotional, and peer pressure she may feel more comfortable in waiting to make such a major(ip) move with her boyfriend.Self EsteemAnna is feeling pressure from her boyfriends and may fear the relationship will end if she does not have sex with him. Anna and her therapist need to take time to discuss how she sees herself and how she feels others view her. With a higher self esteem, Anna may come to understand that she doesnt have to give in to his pressure and, if the relationship does end, that she will have plenty of chances to find someone else who she will see as dear as good, or better, than her current boyfriend. Raising her self esteem may also help her feel more confident in making decision that may go against what her peers are doing or nerve-wracking to convince her to do. If she back end feel strong in her decisions, there may be less of a chance of others changing her mind simply because everyone else is doing it.Sexual RealitiesMany adolescents may believe that engaging in sexual activities makes them more mature or helps them reach adulthood faster than others. Helping Anna understand the honor about what sex may or may not change about her body and spirit could give her a better understanding about herself and her peers as she tries to make the difficult decisions that come with increase up. It may also help calm some fears that she may have about sexuality that she may have receive from listening to misinformed peers.Contraception and Sexually Transmitted InfectionsWhatever Anna decides, she needs to know how to nurse herself from unwanted maternal quality and sexually transmitted infections. Since there are many myths on how to prevent pregnancy and STIs, she needs to know the truth so she can avoid potentially dangerous or negatively life altering situations. With this knowledge, Anna may decide to wait until she has more understanding or, at least, until she can feel sure that sex with her boyfriend is safe and they are both willing and able to take on the responsibilities of contraception, or of raising a child if they choose not to prevent pregnancy.ConclusionWhatever Anna decides, the best thing is that she makes an informed decision. With proper knowledge, she can prevent much of the emotional and physical pain that can come from a misinformed decision and possibly even decide to wait until her body, and her emotions are fully ripe and she is truly ready to take on the responsibility of sexual activity. Her therapist needs to help her go along openly about her fears, wants, and needs and show her what she needs to be happy and healthy through this stressful and confusing time in her life. Befor e and after Anna decides, she needs someone who is well informed to lecture to openly about sex and the different feelings that come along with each activity.

The Boy Who Loves Green Straws

The Boy Who Loves Green Straws social lion Rosa, the boy who loves green straws, was diag no.ed as autistic in 2002 when he was both years old. His father, Craig, produces science videos for a TV station in San Francisco, and his mother, Shannon, is a blogger, and software consultant. He has two sisters, Zelly and Gisela.For the first hardly a(prenominal) months afterward he was born, social lion Rosa seemed like a normal developing baby. It wasnt until his first birthday that the Rosas notice anything unusual about him he was taking his favorite toys and sliding them from one place to another, oer and everywhere again.Leo had always been a picky eater. His diet consisted almost exclusively of peanut butter and gelatine sandwiches, bananas, guacamole, Goldfish crackers, and popcorn snacks. He began suffering from frequent episodes of diarrhea and vomiting. Shannon took Leo to an allergy specialist to ravel him for allergies. All the attempts came back negative.When Leo was tw o years old, a pediatrician friend noticed that Leo was not responding when called by his name. scarcely when they checked Leos hearing, his hearing was fine. The director at a regional center field told Craig and Shannon that Leo might be autistic.Shannon felt devastated. She spent hours searching for information to help her son. Two books in particular made an impression on herCatherine Maurice Let Me Hear Your Voice A Familys Triumph over Autism andKaryn Seroussi Unraveling the Mystery of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorder A mothers Story of Research and Recovery.Catherine Maurices book focused on applied behavior analysis (ABA), a behavior modification technique based on the animal-training possibility of B.F. Skinner.Karyn Seroussis book tells the story of a mother using a technique called biomedical intervention pioneered by Navy psychology Bernard Rimland. The foundation of this approach is the so-called GFCF diet, a strict diet free of gluten and casein, two prote ins found in wheat and dairy products. The theory was that vaccines, like the DPT and the MMR leave some children unable to turn out these proteins, leaving the walls of their intestine permeable (leaky gut syndrome). The undigested proteins are then carried by the bloodstream to the heading where they wreak havoc with normal development. Along with the GFCF diet, Seroussi used an aggressive program of high-dose vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and supplements developed by Rimlands whacking Autism Now (DAN) network.After reading Seroussis book, Shannon took Leo to see a DAN Doctor in nearby Los Altos. Samples of Leos blood, hair, stool, and peeing were dispatched to the DANnetwork for analysis. The allergist who had tested Leo months earlier hadnt turned up any red flags, but the test results from the DANnetwork showed that Leo was extremely reactive to peanuts, and soy, and highly allergic to gluten and rye. Leos heavy-metal profile was also problematic, according to the physician , and they should debate chelation to kick-start their sons recovery process. While they prepared Leo for chelation, the doctor suggested, they could undertake treatments to help correct his systemic imbalance. peerless such therapy is called BioSET, and the doctor knew of a skilled BioSET practitioner who had an office just down the block and tell he would provide the Rosas with a referral.During one of Leos BioSET treatments, Shannon discovered that the therapist and the doctor were a couple. But the doctor hadnt said a word about their relationship when he made his referral, and neither had the therapist.A few months later, the Rosas returned to the doctors office for another round of lab results and consultation. There were some bad news. The heavy-metal profile showed that Leos body was at one time excreting low levels of mercury. This development made Leo an urgent candidate for chelation.Craig had been trying to get to the etymon of his research on chelation. The vaccinat ion issue was particularly confusing for Craig because hed been reading a new push-down stack of studies challenging the validity of Wakefields paper of mercury/autism hypothesis. He had told his father, Marty, that they were considering intravenous chelation on the advice of their doctor. Marty replied with a lengthy earn in which he expressed his concerns. He would not put their hope on chelation and food supplements. As a health care professional, he said, he was unnerved by the sheer number of disclaimers in the DAN Report. Marty felt that the risk was too high to Leo.On the next visit to Los Altos, the doctor brought up chelation again. But this time Craig challenged him. He asked the doctor whether there were any scenario that he would not recommend chelation, and the doctors answer was no. At that point, Craig and Shannon walked out of the doctors office and never went back again.***Leo was nowhere close to recovery, but he was thriving in his own ways. He connected with hi s ABA therapist. For 24 hours a week, she worked with him on mastering elemental tasks that would enable him to care for himself and express his desires and preferences more effectively.Then Shannon read a book that inspired her to presuppose differently about Leo. Making Peace with Autism was Susan Senators story of raising her autistic son. The book promoted no theories of autism causality and promised no astonishing recovery. After reading the book, Shannon stop treating her son like a science examine and started improvising creative ways of making connections with Leo and meeting his needs.

Analysis of Human Fossil Findings in Indonesia

Analysis of Human Fossil Findings in IndonesiaIndonesia is an important country to analyze round human origins and evolution, due to many sites within central Java, such as Sangiran and Ngandong which account for 75 percent of the worlds mankind erectus findings (Frederick Worden, 2011). Evolution of Homo sapiens in Indonesia has shown Indonesian archipelagone was dwell by Homo erectus, which were known as the Java Man, mingled with 1.5 million years ago and resent as 35,000 years ago. About 800,000 years ago, some of the ear lie downst hominids of the archipelago make tools, constructed boats, used fire, and had a language (Fredrick Worden, 2011). Furthermore, about 600,000 years ago, these hominids have developed a more complex and civilized goal which was dispersing throughout Indonesia (Fredrick Worden, 2011). Patterns of evolution started to form through hunting, fishing, and creating communities which dep force outed on tools made of materials such as shell, wood, bamb oo, and stone (Fredrick Worden, 2011).The to the highest degree recent discoveries in human fossils, were in 2004 on the island of Flores, Indonesia, which is located between Bali and Timor. Flores, Indonesia is one of many Wallacean islands, which lie east of Wallaces Line and west of Lydekkers Line.Teams of archeologists put up an entirely new type of hominid species at the Liang Bua jibe site, which has since been named Homo floresiensis. This type of hominid has been considered a new hominid type that had locally evolved, was a easily smaller hominid, and was mixed between Homo erectus and modern humans (Fredrick Worden, 2011).Homo floresiensis was a dwarf human, which lived at Liang Bua between at least 95,000 and 13,000 years ago. The species was believed to have used stone tools, fire, and hunted small animals found on Flores (Foley, 2005). The newly found remains had a skull that appeared to belong to a hominine species, possibly belong to a child considering its size, but once the remaining parts of its skull and teeth were found and they concluded it did non belong to a child, but an adult. The remains of this hominines partial skeleton was found and, the likes of which had never been discovered before.Today, this exemplification is referred to as Liang Bua 1 (Smithsonian Institution, 2014). The earliest modern humans co goed with their hominid relatives for thousands of years, although there is no evidence of this at Liang Bua (Fredrick Warden, 2011).Although Indonesia is extremely diverse ethnically, with more than 350 distinct ethnic groups that are recognized, along with 13 languages spoken by 1 million speakers (Fredrick Warden, 2011). Human immigration to the islands of Indonesia occurred as long ago as 3000BC, and was continuous for about 3000 years. People immigrated to Indonesia in small groups and established independent civilizations all around the coast, occasionally coexisting with the strange descendants of Java Man (Frederic k Worden, 2011). In the next several millennia Indonesia developed cultural characteristics that still exist today such as rice agriculture, ceramic and metal technology and the elaboration of long quad seal travel and spate.Earlier inhabitants used horticultural economy in which they grew cereals, created pottery and stone tools during the cessation 2500 to 500 B.C (Glasscase, 2011). During the period between 500 B.C. and A.D. 500, as the batch of the archipelago increasingly interacted with South and East Asia, metals and domestic farm animals were introduced (Glasscase, 2011). The Dongson culture, which originated in Vietnam and southern China around 1000 BC, spread to Indonesia, bringing irrigated rice ontogeny techniques, husbandry skills buffalo sacrifice rituals, bronze casting, the custom of erecting megaliths, and ikat weaving methods. By 700 BC, Indonesia was dotted with long-lasting villages where life was linked to rice production (Lonely Planet, 2014).These earl y settlers were animists, believing all objects had a life labor or soul. The spirits of the dead had to be honored, as they could still help the living and influence intrinsic events, while evil spirits had to be warded off with offerings and ceremonies. As there was a belief in the afterlife, weapons and utensils were left in tombs for use in the next world.By the 1st century AD, small kingdoms, were trivial more than collections of villages with a leader, which evolved from Java (Lonely Planet, 2014). The islands constant hot temperature, abundant rainfall and volcanic blur were ideal for wet field rice cultivation. The organization this required may explain why the Javan developed a seemingly more successful society than the other islands. It is not certain how Hinduism and Buddhism arrived in Indonesia. The oldest go bads of Hindu art in Indonesia were found in Sulawesi and Sumatra in 3rd century AD (Fredrick Worden, 1992). One theory suggests that the developing courts invited Brahman priests from India to watch over on spiritual and ritual sacrifices, thereby providing status to those in control (Fredrick and Worden, 1992).In earlier kingdoms, the Hindu-Buddhist kingdom of Sriwijaya rose in Sumatra (an Indonesian island) during the seventh century AD (Lonely Planet, 2014). It was the showtime major Indonesian sea formerfulness able to control the trade in Southeast Asia by being located on the Strait of Melaka. The Buddhist Sailendra dynasty and the Hindu Mataram dynasty flourished in Central Java (the largest Indonesian island) between the 8th and 10th centuries (Lonely Planet, 2014). While Sriwijayas wealth came from trade, Javanese kingdoms like Mataram had human labor at their disposal and developed as agrarian societies.At the end of the 10th century, the Mataram kingdom declined. The centre of power shifted from Central to East Java and it was a period when Hinduism and Buddhism were coupled and when Javanese culture began to come into its own (Pearson Education, 2000-2014). A series of kingdoms held until the 1294 rise of the Majapahit kingdom, which grew during the reign of Hayam Wuruk from 1350 to 1389 (Pearson Education, 2000-2014). Its territorial expansion can be credited to military commander Gajah Mada, who helped the kingdom claim control over the archipelago, claiming power over smaller kingdoms and obtaining transaction rights from them. After Hayam Wuruks death in 1389, the kingdom began a sozzled decline (Pearson Education, 2000-2014).The first Islamic inscriptions found in Indonesia date from the 11th century. Islam first took hold in northern Sumatra,(a western Indonesian island) where Arab traders had settled by the 13th century. From the 15th and 16th centuries, Indonesian harnessrs made Islam the state religion. By the 15th century, the trading kingdom of Melaka (a small Malaysian state) was reaching the height of its power and had embraced Islam (Lonely Planet, 2014). Its influence strengthen ed the spread of Islam through the archipelago. By the time of the collapse of the Majapahit kingdom (based on the island of Java) in the early 1500s, many of its satellite kingdoms had already declared themselves independent Islamic states (Lonely Planet, 2014). Much of their wealth came from trading spices, and Islam followed the trade routes across the archipelago. By the end of the 16th century, a new sea power had emerged on Sulawesi, which had been settled by Malay traders and whose realm spread far beyond the region (Lonely Planet, 2014).Beginning in 1602, the Dutch slowly established themselves as rulers of Indonesia and eventually laid the foundation of the Indonesian state, by winning advantage of the weakness of the small kingdoms that had replaced that of Majapahit (Pearson Education, 2000-2014). During 300 years of rule, the Dutch developed the Netherlands East Indies into one of the worlds richest compound possessions, extracting natural resources through local elites but doing little to modernize Indonesia. By the end of the Dutch rule and after many wars and lives taken, the Indonesian people wanted to stand alone and become united.The Indonesian people started to receive a Dutch education for the children of the Indonesian elite, and with that came Western political ideas of freedom and democracy (Lonely Planet, 2014). However, the first ideas of Indonesian nationalism came from Islamic movements. Despite Dutch repression, the nationalist movement found a integrate voice. In a historic announcement in 1928, the All Indonesia Youth Congress proclaimed its Youth Pledge, adopting the notions of one national identity, one country and one language (Lonely Planet, 2014). The battle for independence wavered between warfare and diplomacy. under the Linggarjati Agreement of November 1946, the Dutch recognized the Republican government and both sides agreed to work towards an Indonesian federation under a Dutch commonwealth (Pearson Education, 2000-2 014). The agreement was soon swept parenthesis as war escalated. The Dutch mounted a large offensive in July 1947, causing the unite Nations to step in (Pearson Education, 2000-2014). In February 1948 the Dutch launched another attack on the Republicans, breaking the United Nations agreement. Under pressure from the United States, which threatened to withdraw its postwar aid to the Netherlands, the Dutch negotiated for independence. On December 27, 1949 the Indonesian flag was raised at Jakartas Istana Merdeka, and power was officially handed over (Pearson Education, 2000-2014).ReferencesFoley, J. (2005, April 01).Homo floresiensis The hobbit. Retrieved from http//www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/flores.htmlFrederick, W., Worden, R. (1992). Early Indonesia. Retrieved from http//www.shsu.edu/his_ncp/Indones.htmlFrederick, W., Worden, R. (2011).Indonesia a country study. (6thed.). Washington, DC Government Printing Office.Glasscase, F. (2011, June 01). Indonesia uncovered Prehistoric indonesia. Retrieved from http//indonesiauncovered.blogspot.com/2011/06/prehistoric-indonesia.htmlLonely Planet. (2014). history of Indonesia. Retrieved from http//www.lonelyplanet.com/indonesia/historyONeil, D. (1999).Homo erectus. Retrieved from http//anthro.palomar.edu/homo/homo_2.htmPearson Education. (2000-2014). Indonesia. Retrieved from http//www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0107634.htmlProf. Palmer, Soc.3597.01, January 2014.Smithsonian Institution. (2014, January 27).Hobbits on flores, Indonesia. Retrieved from http//humanorigins.si.edu/research/asian-research/hobbits