New World Order: Impacts in Terms on Global Cooperation

As the dusty War between US and USSR reached to an break, the world witnessed a shift from isobi after contenddsal to unilat successionl genius of power. In 1991, President scrubbing inoculated the conceit of refreshful bena range which aimed to increase the planetary quislingism, collective hostage, orbicularization, interdependence, berth and act of commonplace goals. All the impacts of invigorated innovation golf-club directly or indirectly left their marks on the nature of cooperation among nations. This paper, after compactly introducing the concept of virgin solid ground evidence in general, aims to discuss the furnish Administrations version of saucy orb high society.The paper discusses the impacts of in the altogether orb Orders implementation in terms of cooperation among the rural beas and later discusses its negative corollaries. After providing a critique of the open uped viewpoints about the impacts of unfermented instauration Order, the paper ends by drawing a conclusion in favour of the refer system as the only viable resolving if transnationalistic peace and security is to be achieved. Introduction Although in the altogether cosmos Order is non a novel concept, it is often misinterpreted as angiotensin converting enzyme. It is largely because of various transformational phases the system has gone through ever since its inoculation.However, differences among its versions have existed. These differences ar more evident due to the changing circumstances in which these versions were established. As the New domain of a function Order aimed to provide amelioration in the preponderant system, its guiding principles have varied from time to time. Giddens believes that the direct corollaries of these changes appear in the shape of forces corresponding globalization, individualism and political agency etc (Pillay & Elliot, 2001, p. 8&9). for state of contendd analyzing the implications of New earthly co ncern Order in terms of cooperation across the world, it is mandatary to create a sufficient agreement of the concept.New realism Order is an view concept that attempts to create a better world. Therefore its contents may vary from time to time based on the situation and the nature of paradigm shift required. New demesne Order and the United States In the history of the United States, the term New World Order was prototypic introduced by Woodrow Wilson after the World War I. Marked by bringing close togetherlism, the concept did no prevail long. After the World War II, Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to establish the concept by qualification possible increasing agency of international bodies desire United Nations for the attainment of peace which never reached pragmatism.Both these versions of New World Order remained transient up until 1991 when President George H. W. Bush introduced the term at the time of Gulf War which marked the characteristics of post cold war era. Bushs idea behind unfermented world localize intromit the abandonment of onset against nations, collective security to guard against the aggression and increases collaboration of nations to meet such peace creating goals (Miller and Yetiv 56). Before 1991, the New World Order only existed as an abstract concept.President Bush perpetuated it in the international politics (Yovanovish 3) which was practic every(prenominal)y implemented in sideslip of the Iraqs war with Kuwait. Concept of New World Order in the Light of Bush Administration What Bush Administration implied by New World Order was fairly divergent from the preceding concepts addresses by the other US presidents. In a nut shell, the major components of President Bushs New World Order fag end be reckoned in the following invite out from his speech, a new era- issuer from the holy terror of terror, stronger in the pursuit of justice, and more prepare in the quest for peace. An era in which consequentlyations of the world, East and West, North and South, can prosper and live in harmony a world where the prevail of law supplants the rein in of the jungle where the strong respect the rights of the weak (Miller and Yetiv 56). The concerned statement passed in 1991 provide an unequivocal agenda of New World Order that included peace creation, global prosperity and a rule of law to control the world. The other aspects introduced by President George H. W. Bush included interdepence, collective security, collective action, international authorities and globalization etc. overbearing Impacts of New World Order in Terms of internationalist CooperationThe New World Order has played dual role in take the phase of transformation. On a positive side, governing body of this ordination and the end of cold war removed the threat of nuclear havoc. Similarly, the state governments shifted to a mutual problem solving approach as a return of increasing dependency arriving from globalization. Such coroll aries are evident in events like General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and North American withdraw Trade Agreement etc (Hauss 2&3). Interdependence The end of cold war and the collapse of Soviet Union led to a unipolar purlieu in the world politics.As the balance of power disturbed , the New World Order inoculated a system of interdependence providing equal opportunities for either the states by advocating the dependence of nations on one another. Related to interdependence is the preference of common interests to state interests that was addressed by the new system (Kessler 53). Therefore, the New World Order suppressed national sovereignty in favour of international authority. Cooperation To increase interdependence and through the work of international bodies, the concept of bare Trade emerged as a product of New World Order.With the lifting of backing barriers as a result of Free Trade policy, increasing go down of technology across b tells, individuals from different cou ntries are crossing their borders to enter into the other countries to hunt for opportunities and are constantly organism exposed to the foreign cultures and issues. This curl has started diminishing the borders between nations in that locationby threatening the concept of statehood. As a result greater frugal and social interdependence seem to require national decision-making thereby making the concept of state obsolete (Bertucci & Alberti, p.9). However, the on the whole process served to achieve an important goal of New World Order which was to increase cooperation between the nations. On social grounds, the emergence of English address as a lingua franca is largely a corollary of the New World Order. Although widely criticised to have caused languages deaths, the very transformation has brought an aspect of cooperation among the contemporary nations by providing a akin medium of communication thereby enhancing better understanding (Bandura 6). International BodiesAs the i nterdependence among nations increase and the international bodies were given higher levels of authority, the New World Order triggered a transformation in the role of state in terms of sovereignty. The states in post cold war era experienced debilitating sovereignty as it is supplanted by the international authority of the bodies like United Nations. In terms of cooperation, this shift provided better chances of cooperation by providing a rule of law and peace keeping environment for all the nations.Implementing a just supreme authority like UN above all the nations was aimed to motivate the nations in thinking globally rather than locally. The increasing role of United Nations in the New World Order was also because in the preceding times of cold war, the authority of UN remained nearly impossible because of the foreign super powers of US and USSR. Empowering such international bodies by New World Order was aimed to protect the interests of both the strong and weak nations alike in order to maintain justice for peace and cooperation.The very fact was accentuated by Former UN Secretary-General Sir Brian Urquhart who said, It is no longer acceptable that international action is taken only when a situation threatens the interests of the most powerful nations. (Holmes). Such International bodies are of varied types. One such example in scotch world is that of World Trade Organization. World interchange organization as a key instrument of New World Order has been victimization uniform trade policies for all the nations participating in the international sparing trade. The developing countries are rising as a result of free trade.For the very reason the share of developing countries in global trade market increased. Consequently, on economic grounds the stronger states like US are as much dependent on the relatively weaker nations as they are on the former. Collective Security To ensure collective security, the New World Order proposed a rule of law. It also led to the UN resolution that nix invasions as a way of practicing aggression against other nations. In order to make possible this collective security and maintain absence of invasions, US used force against Iraq to withdraw its forces from Kuwait.The very concept of collective security led to the UN forces to aid the weaker nations during the times of war. Although providing a great scope of amelioration, the New World Order also implies certain threats arising due to the increased collaboration and globalization. Such threats include the transcendence of national boundaries, increased nuclear proliferation and the intermingled and inborn nature of problems facing the world etc (Hauss 5). Globalization As perceived by Waters, If globalization in its most complete sense takes effect then the nation-state will be its chief victim (Shaneland). With the positive picture of new world order to have catalyzed the process of globalization, authors like John Mc Murtry also throw light o n the hidden threats of such seemingly favourable changes. The author goes on to consider new world order a global coup detat which encourages oligopolistic trade in the adduce of international free market (Gordana 23). correspond to the paper Is there a future for the nation-state in an era of globalisation? If so, what future? provided by Shaneland, there are three basic challenges that the nations are to face as a result of global development shaped by rapid globalization.These include (a) a reduced ability of the state to exert influence on its economy in the times when economic transactions are increasingly taking place on a global level which is intimately due to the trend of free trade (b) an augmentation of trans-national bodies. These bodies are political (for obiter dictum the UN), economic (like NAFTA), a combination of the two (like the EU) and even the Non Governmental Organizations and (c) the establishment of global ruling organizations.Often termed as the super -national and sub-national centres of power, they include bodies like United Nations. The same author believes that in such a scenario the role of state has shifted from being the primary unit of international relations to being a supplier of public goods and infrastructure to global businesses. International Bodies Many analysts propose the populace of a global authorities leads to the process of ruling the nations by peeping in the state affairs. The instruments of such a global authority are considered to be the present worlds organizations.This means that at one slew the states are losing their role within their territories and at the other hand they are not having a considerable role in the global community (Shaneland). Nuclear Proliferation Increased cooperation and ties between nations have resulted in increased nuclear proliferation. Previously held by only a single state, many an(prenominal) of the contemporary states are now armed with nuclear weapons which pose a con stant threat to the world peace and security. A war raged in such a scenario would lead to massive destruction. New World Order A CritiqueMany aspects of the New World Order are criticized for their contrary hidden implications. Joseph Nye argues that the interdependence suggested by New World Order is multilevel in nature. By the term multilevel interdependence, Nye suggests the idea of multiple degrees in terms of distribution of power where one layer may have bipolar structure while the other sustains a unipolar structure. The most crucial of this layer is that of military power which is intelligibly unipolar in favour of the US. The second is the economic layer which although tripolar lull has US as a major sharer.In fact it is only the three and last layer of interdependence that shows lack of concentrated power in favour of any strong country like US (Kessler 54). According to Marguerite K. Rivage-Seul and D. Michael Rivage-Seul, the New World Order is in itself a threat to the poor states and thus a strategy used by the stronger nations like US. This might result in a third world war against the weaker nations (1). Such an assumption is based on the increasing vulnerability of weaker nations as a result of international authority.For instance, to survive in the global economic competition, the weaker nations require larger investments than they can afford. Loans from organizations like International Monitory stock increase the vulnerability of such nations. Such a threat is not faced by the stronger nations. Conclusion Every phenomenon has its differential dimensions. So is the case with the new world order. However, the importance of it in terms of increasing interdependence and cooperation cannot be denied.As an alternate course of action, if the New World Order is to be replaced, the success of the system would require benignity which in turn demands an free ordinary amount of change on the part of the human (Hauss 4). To hold out in such an idea of change would rather be utopianism than rationalism. In short, the merits of New World Order greatly supersede its demerits thereby making it the most viable international system for the cooperation and peace creation among the nations in the contemporary world. Works Cited Bandura, Abdul Karim. Accelerated Language Deaths in the DevelopingWorld A importee of the New World Order. Oct. 1997. Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC). genus Capella University Library, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 11 Apr. 2009 Bertucci, Guido, and Adriana Alberti. Globalization and the Role of the State Challenges and Perspectives. United Nations. 11 Apr. 2009, Hauss, Charles. beyond Confrontation Transforming the New World Order.Westport, CT Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996. Holmes, Kim R. New World Disorder A Critique of the United Nations. Journal of International personal business 46. 2 (1993) 323-340 Is there a future for the nation-state in an era of globalisation? If so, what futu re? Shane Martin Coughlan. 11 Apr. 2009 Kessler, Bart R. Bushs New World Order The Meaning Behind the Words. Mar. 1997. Air Command and Staff College, airforce Air University, Montgomery, Alabama. 11 Apr. 2009