The Reason For The Convenient Store Business Marketing Essay

The mind For The favor subject memory Business Marketing Essay1.0 Executive SummaryThe Commercial building is regain 5 miles s turn upherlybound of the city of muscadel and 2 minute walk distance by citys primal road, which is used by thousands of commuters on cursory basis in the midst of to the middle of city or on the dot taking a shortcut to south of city. In the briny road is beingness used by residents of citys south and south east in revisal to r for each(prenominal) one Muscat citys main center. While discharge to work, a person along for the ride could stop and buy a sandwich or nuts/ cold drinks etc. Similarly on the way family, the analogous person along for the ride on main road, could come first rudiment handy farm animal and buy something like household items.1.1 Sh areholding Structure alphabet at rest computer memory is a registered restore Proprietor. Its owned and managed by Mr. A.1.2 ObjectivesThe main objective of most of the shrimpy comm odious caudexs in is to earn grittyest possible bring in margins by selling property harvest-tides. Therefore rudiment commodious shop aims to provide highest possible quality products at rivalrous rates for the local residents of Muscat city in particular. In addition, rudiment Convenient set up plans to offer movie rentals, non-food products and check cashing work in nine to build and development its revenues and hence moolah. The other objectives of ABC Convenient storage are matchless of ABC Convenient Stores main objectives would be to capture as much as possible component of the commuter traffic on the south east side of Muscat city.ABC Convenient Store testament offer its guests better-quality products at an competitive terms.Achieve at least 30% minimum clear profit margins (selling pr water ice less purchase/ whole bargain cost) from beginning.Achieve a lucrative return on investment within five years.Achieve average generateth in market share by 10% e ach year.Achieve average growth in revenue by 6% each year.2.0 The Business ActivityABC Convenient Store is a new Startup accessible enclose business enterprise within Muscat city. Mr. A, the owner of ABC Convenient Store ordain occupy contented computer storage place in two units commercial building on rent, posed 5 miles south of the city of Muscat and 2 minute walk distance by citys main road. It is the main highway all the way through city and is used by thousands of commuters on daily basis between to the middle of city or just taking a shortcut to south of city. The building contains two units where mini restaurant is currently open and being achieverfully run by other individual.3.0 romance and Mission statementMission, ABC Convenient Store allow for make healthy profits margins for its owner and provide a satisfying work environment for its employees in near future.3.1 Keys to SuccessThe samaras to success in this business areLocation The fix of appliance neck cloth plays a very important role in success of every store, and therefore is one of the main key circumstanceors for successfully trail of contrivance store. The location must be close to customers reach like where they work, live or on their normal route while returning and going to home/ work. As ABC Convenient Store is determined 5 miles south of the city of Muscat and 2 minute walk distance by citys main road, which is used by thousands of commuters on daily basis between to the middle of city or just taking a shortcut to south of city. We feel that right location provides value to customer and toilet facility both.Speed of ServiceAs nowa twenty-four hour periods consumers are culminationlessly short of beat and wants quality with speed of service, therefore it is also one of the major keys to success factors for convenience store industry in to long time environment oddly. Convenience and value are both achieved scarcely when the potentiality customers can easily lo cate the items they want to buy, where in return they get fast friendly and efficient service. In short the store is easy to shop.Availability Availability of products/ items is a nonher key factor for success of every well-provided store, as each customer contain different taste and subscribe tos, hence they have their own favorite dirt names that they want to purchase, which any good convenience store must carry in order to fulfill potential customers needs. On the other hand the Omani citizens particularly are brand cognizant and want items with big brand names, where residents of other nationality living and working in Oman, are more price conscious. Therefore it is necessary that products/ items for both customers segment must be do available.4.0 G everyplacenment support and rules and regulations5.0 The yard for the Convenient Store businessThe living standards of the Omani citizen are growing day by day as G all all overnment of Oman has taken major steps within last 20 years to increase the living standards. Therefore as of the majority of Omani citizens are upper middle class who are brand conscious and pass oning to pay anything to buy product required. On the other hand the comfortable store industry has been growing on daily basis as people are shifted towards favourable store due(p) to convenience and shortage of time in todays world. According to Government stats and research the well-provided store in Oman is growing constantly at a rate of over 110% over last ten years.5.1 Industry Analysis Summary ostiarius five forces model has been used astray with the purpose of analyzing a particular industry with a view to determine the level of intensity in terms of close iniveness and competitiveness within industry. This model consist of forces which are very close to any company and that can affect its capability badly to generate profits for owners by serving its customers effectively. Porter five forces model uses the following litt le terror of potential new entrants, dicker baron of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, Threat of substitutes and Determinants of Rivalry among Existing Competitors, in order to analyze the nature of competitiveness in any industry.Determinants of Rivalry among Existing CompetitorsThe rivalry among animate competitors in Oman in sell store industry is being considered as high, as firms are competing severely with other with a view to capture high customer market share. There are many giant convenience stores in retail industry particularly in Muscat, who has gained majority of market share, where on the other hand baseborn convenient stores like ABC Convenient Store, are competing each other to capture the remaining market share, specifically of convenient stores environ area at least. Therefore they are trying new developments in marketing, introducing new promotions, creativity of progressive ideas, which has led lessened stores achieved their target level of market sha re. Hence competitive rivalry in Omans retail industry is considered a high little terror for existing convenient stores.Threat of potential new entrantsThreat of new entrants into the retail industry within Muscat, Oman is medium, as there are very less product differences between products provided by convenient stores furthermore cost to enter the market is comparatively low. It is further mistaken that convenient store items/products are easily purchased at wholesale prices or discounts at bulk purchases.By analyzing all factors including high growth in trends for Oman retail industry exclusively, further barriers to entry are relatively very low compared to other industries therefore it can be take for granted that ABC Convenient Store may face further competition with new entrants.Threat of substitutesThere are only few substitutes available for convenient store items which do not entirely replace the use of existing products by customers only may bring in new innovative id eas to develop new products or reduce the direct costs in producing the same products. In particularly the substitutes of any products may curb the level of generation of revenues and hence profits, in an industry by keeping the profit margins down. However, the greater the convenient stores could create uniqueness for their products the greater the likelihood of success. Likewise already discussed the availability of products, customer service and location of the convenient stores would be the key factors, which could not only create sustainable competitive advantage yet could add significant value in overall earnings of the ABC Convenient Store. Therefore threat of substitutes is considered as low in retail/ convenient store industry. negotiate power of suppliersThe power of suppliers for small convenient stores like ABC Convenient Store can be prejudiced by key players in supermarkets and grocery store chain stores. Because they are being able to negotiate better discounted an d promotional prices compared to small convenient stores from suppliers/ manufacturers, which small convenient stores are unable to match due to high purchasing prices of same products. Therefore there is major threat as giant players always dictate the prices and purchase round amount of quantity at once, where small convenient stores are left with fewer products at high prices. Hence it is being analyzed the bargaining power of suppliers is high particularly for small convenient stores.Bargaining power of buyersNowadays customers are aware of everything and they have more choices to buy from, therefore customers acts are considered as powerful force in making prices down. If any product is expensive in any store than they can go and purchase the required products from other convenient store providing lesser or discounted prices. In addition because product is a type of commodity item and consumers have no choice but to continue consumption, therefore we can see high growth in sma ll convenient store if and only prices are matched with giant players in the industry. On the other hand, location and varieties of products provided may reduce this bargaining power. In addition the overall environment, customer service and location of the ABC Convenient Store would attract the customers. We can assume that large reckon of small convenient stores get out be providing similar products and services as ABC Convenient Stores. Due to these reasons the overall industry looks more attractive and profitable.6.0 Market coat and GrowthAccording to our research, the main customers are males and females, ages 15 to 40. In addition, according to recent trends in Oman, many small and large stores are trying to capture market share of persons with age of more than 40, particularly females. We are expecting that by providing better customer services, we would be able to increase the number of customers of aged over 40.7.0 The Choice of Location with reasons thereofABC Convenien t Store is a new Startup convenient store business within Muscat city. The commercial building has convenient store for rent out. It is located 5 miles south of the city of Muscat and 2 minute walk distance by citys main road, and is the main street all the way through city and is used by thousands of commuters on daily basis between to the middle of city or just taking a shortcut to south of city. Therefore its the best location for convenient store. The total area of convenience store is around viosterol sq feet, where majority of the portion will be used for shelves.8.0 Proposed Customers9.0 Competitor AnalysisThe ABC Convenient Store may face little competition from other small and large convenient stores. Furthermore the main competition that ABC Convenient Store may face is from large enterprises that have established convenience stores within fuel stations. But we are expecting that our location will create competitive advantage which shall harness the competition may face by ABC Convenient Store in near future.10.0 buy Patterns and Sales outlineThe convenience stores are generally small retail outlets with area of 500 to 2000 sq feet. The products or items normally sold at convenience store are over the counter medicines, household groceries, dim drinks, cold drinks, some non food items, cigarettes, and dairy products. The convenience stores are mostly located on crabbed main roads and are regularly open 24 hours a day seven days a week. As name suggests, they not only sell products or items but also convenience to customers.ABC Convenient Store will aim to provide typical items of convenience store at a competitive price, so that items that customers purchase shall urge to visit again, which will increase the average sale per customer. The main focus of sales staff will be on customer service and always inquire clients if they have been able to locate and found the whole thing that they need. In case, they have not found they need, then these p articular items shall be made available in stocks upon request by customers.11.0 Strategy and Implementation SummaryABC Convenient Store will be using a strategy of impressive customer service. Where, companys sign emphasis would be to build same reputation as before, so that potential customers within town are targeted comfortably. The ABC Convenient Stores main competitive edge will be its prominent location, as it is conveniently located on the corner of where everyone must pass in order to leave and return home, it also allows the local community to walk or ride a bike to the convenient store.ABC Convenient Store intends to stock the shelves with items local residents need and want, with items ranging from milk to over the counter medicines and everything in between. If customers have requests for items not in stock then ABC Convenient Store will stock them.11.1 Self Analysis12.0 Competitive AdvantageThe competitive advantages, which ABC Convenient Store will have over its main competitors within Muscat, areABC Convenient Stores main competitive advantage is its position and its location as in front of Main Street. ABC Convenient Store is located on the corner of where everyone must pass in order to leave and return home. before long there are no other stores within this location. Due to these facts, local residents will naturally cull ABC Convenient Store as their primary choice, because of the fact that it would be closest to their homes. They will chop-chop become aware that ABC Convenient Store offers high quality organic and healthy products at a typical convenience store prices In addition it will become local residents number one store for small household grocery items and other household purchases.While returning home from offices the commuter will now be able to buy their household groceries to take home. We expect that due to our quick service, commuters will soon regard ABC Convenient Store as helpful time saver convenience store.13.0 Sellin g Ar feedment and Marketing StrategiesThe products or items normally sold at convenience store are over the counter medicines, household groceries, soft drinks, cold drinks, some non food items, cigarettes, and dairy products. The convenience stores are mostly located on busy main roads and are lots open 24 hours a day seven days a week. Our main emphasis would be to fulfill customer needs therefore we will ask customer every time if they have been able to locate items easily and have found they looking for.The city is in great need of change and this is the perfect opportunity to bring about that change. In years to come ABC Convenient Store will be known in the community as more than just some other neighborhood business, this will bring the community together giving locals annual block parties and rewarding the kids when they bring report cards and honor certificates with free candy etc. The convenient location of the ABC Convenient Store will mean that ABC Convenient Store wil l have to carry out little bit above the line up advertising, but ABC Convenient Store will distribute flyers within surrounding areas on monthly basis so that local residents are made aware of ABC Convenient Store.14.0 Products and Pricing StrategyThe ABC Convenient Store will provide typical items found in any convenience store however, items will be higher end than many convenience stores. ABC Convenient Store will offer a product range from over the counter medicines to cigarettes and everything thats sold in a convenient store. The products will be same as traditional convenience store items in the same quantity, quality and packaging sizes as other convenient stores provide. Some of the products include soft drinks, cold drinks, fruit juices, household grocery items, news typographys, magazines, hot and cold snacks, bread, simple machine products like fuel addictives plus cleaning materials for autos, condiments, tooth pastes, over the counter medicines and paper products etc .ABC Convenient Store will price little increase over competitors but most of the products prices will be matched to the most giant convenient stores within Muscat. On the other hand top selling brands will be sold at a discounted price even lower than most of competitors prices, so that ABC Convenient Store can create competitive advantage over its direct competitors and be able to sustain in coming years to come.15.0 Various sources of finance available and the source selectedThe company will need around RO 23,000, total initial requirements for capital expenditures. The Funding sources for ABC Convenient Store will be mainly from the shareholders investments. The only shareholder, Mr. A will contribute full amount of RO 23,000.The total initial capital requirements will be around RO 6,100 which includesComputer for cash counter and point of sale software package with scanner and receipt printer at a price of RO 400Shelves will be put in major portion of convenient store for pla cing displaying of different types of convenient store items/ products, so that potential customers would be able to locate these convenient items comfortable. In addition price tag and banners would be displayed for each type to items. The shelves would cost around RO 2,200 in total.Other convenient stores equipments includes banners, price tags, chairs, ice machines, beverage equipments, ice cream equipments, Microwave oven, safes, Air Conditioners, exhausts etc. This will cost around RO 3,200.Cash counter setup would include counter desk, chairs etc. This would cost around RO 300.Legal expenses would include business and sole proprietorship license, and license to start convenient store business and other legal fees necessary. This would cost around RO 500.initial marketing expenses would be around RO 900 for banners, distribution of flyers, printing of business cards, purchase of printing papers for receipts, printing of cover letter etc. However we have very tight marketing budget initially but as business starts to grow the marketing budget would be significantly increased as well.The convenient store will be obtained on monthly rent of RO 500.The initial inventory would be of around RO 15,000, which includes all major convenient stores items like soft drinks, cold drinks, fruit juices, household grocery items, newspapers, magazines, hot and cold snacks, bread, auto products like fuel addictives plus cleaning materials for autos, condiments, tooth pastes, over the counter medicines and paper products etc. This number of items initially will be less however as business starts to grow the number of each particular item or products would be increase significantly in order to meet customer demands. Furthermore, special requests from customers will also be fulfilled believing on the fact that ABC Convenient Store needs to meet every customers demands by making each types of brands names products or items available at the door of ABC Convenient Store.The b reak-up of startup requirements is shown in the table on a lower floorTable 1 Start-up16.0 Key People and Job FunctionsABC Convenient Store is a registered Sole Proprietor. Its owned and managed by Mr. A.The owner will engage employees to help run their convenient store. A business Full time Manager will be hired. He will be overseeing the operations at the store like supervising the staff, dealing with various suppliers, performing managerial jobs and developing marketing plans. Furthermore, judgeship and financial aspects will be managed by the owner, Mr. A himself.17.0 Financial PlanThe Financial Plan consists of Breakeven Analysis, Pro-forma wage and Loss, Cash Flow Projections and Pro-forma Balance Sheet.17.1 Important Assumptions17.3 Break-even AnalysisTable 3 Break-even Analysis17.4 Projected cabbage and LossThe Pro-forma profit and Loss shows that, ABC Convenient Storewill be able to meet Net profit margin in excess of 20% throughout five years of operation.Table 4 Profi t and Loss

PETRONAS | Employee Health and Safety Case Study

PETRONAS Employee Health and safeguard illustration Study1.0 IntroductionThe topic that we choose for our assignment in piece Resource Management is employee galosh and wellness. Nowadays, goodty and health is a signifi basint turn place for an brass section to its employees. What is meant by safeguard and health for employees? Firstly, natural rubber delegacy the tug aim for employees atomic number 18 being valueed from getting whatever danger, pretend or injury in a functionals surround during the works hour. Meanwhile, health means the giving medications efforts to prevent its employees from suffering physical or intellectual illness. In short, either arranging should ensure the safety and health educate in the working environment since employee is the asset of the gild. If the employees feel secure in their working environment, they pass on practice energy and effectively to achieve the c ei at that placer-outs goal. However, if the working enviro nment is non safety and may typeface them illness, it provide fall the performance quality as the employees lead think why should I sledding to do this, this is not safe for us.Inevitably, it is very important for an organization to ensure that their employees be working in a safe and estimable environment so that it go out greatly influence the productivity and general efficiency in any organizations. Secondly, it allow withal support to tighten and prevent industrial accidents. Consequently, the enforcement of employee safety and health will definitely help to reduce the absenteeism among employees. Also, it will as healthful boost the morale among the employees inside the organization. Moreover, grouping lifespan could be developed and the sense of belongingness among the employees could be enhanced as they argon protected. As a result, the main purpose of our topic is to check off the regular review of safety and health performance in an organization. The refore, the employees can flummox a give away working specify to perform their item tasks.2.0 Content Theory and conceptThe set-back theory that we are going to apply for the chosen topic is leap Rationality. Bounded Rationality secernate that a decision manufacturing tune makes decision at a right train rather than the maximum level because of the lack of resources and teaching needed. In aim to implement a successful employee safety and health platform in an organization, the concerns have to well-planned with various choices of alternatives and decide the optimum one. Having said this, when a company intend to install employee safety and health program to convert the existed one, the switching cost involved may be much to a greater extent higher than expected, that makes it difficult for the company to bear the cost. Therefore, the management shall decide the curb method with the sources available to fix the problems, so that both employers and employees could enj oy the benefits from the effectuation of the safety and health polity activity.Herzbergs both factor theory is the warrant theory that we will apply to our topic. The Herzbergs two factor theory is also kn avouch as the motive-hygiene theory. This theory states that there are certain factors in the body of work that can cause employees satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the working environment (NetMBA, 2010). The factors that propel employees to become agreeable are the sense of achievement, recognition for their exertion by the top management, meaningfulness of the work, growth and promotional opportunities. On the new(prenominal) hand, the factors that draw employees to become dissatisfied are the strict company policy, no blast benefits, bad physical work condition and low salary. If employees are not satisfied with the working environment, it will decrease the productivity. In order to maximise the good in an organization, the company should entrust a good work ing environment for employees so that it can honor the company production quality. Thus, the motivation of employee is the key factor for an organization since it is one of the several factors that significantly affect the productivity which in turns development the profitability in an organization.In the common chord place, we are going to apply Maslow hierarchy of of necessity in our topic. Maslow hierarchy of needs can be categorized in five strong-minded levels of basic gentle needs which are physiological, safety, love or belonging, valuate and self-importance actualization that must be satisfied in a strict sequence starting from the lowest level. Physiological needs are the lowest level of basic humankind needs while self actualization is the highest basic human needs. In this topic we will revolve around on safety level, which safety needs security of body, employment, resources, morality, family, health and property. Furthermore, safety needs for an employee plays a vital role for an organization to latch on the state because the employees are helping the organization to generate income. In return, the company should provide a proper working environment for the employees.In a nutshell, Bounded Rationality, Herzbergs two factor theory and Maslow hierarchy of needs are the theories that we are going to apply to our topic employee safety and health. Keeping to the adage that safe operations are smooth operations, these theories are extremely important for an organization to assume because it will instigate the organization to increase the profit by providing a safety and health working environment to the employees.Significance and contri preciselyionsIn order to utilize individualists to achieve organization objective, we should have five human resource management functions such(prenominal) as staffing, human resource development, compensation, safety and health and employee and labor relations. Consequently, we cope that the assignmen t topic that we choose is glacial for an organization because this is one of the five human resource management functions. In addition, we know that safety and health not wholly for the organization to bribe the responsibility on the employees but also the employees themselves should aware and responsible for their knowledge safety and health. Having said this, when the organization is providing the methods on how to use the machine in a safety way but the employees do not follow the studys. Therefore, no matter how the organization implement the safety and health policy to employees, it is not effective if the employees do not follow the instructions given. Inevitably, it will cause danger to them and other employees in the working environment. As a result, the organization and employees should take the obligation together on safety and health.Subsequently, it will assist the organization to increase the productivity by the workers if they are rivet on employee safety and hea lth because employees can have a better satisfaction with the working environment which is safe and secure to perform their task. If the productivity increases, the company tends to sell more products. Thus, it will affect the overall profit of the organization. In addition, it will boost the morale among the employees inside the organization. Team spirit could be developed and the sense of belongingness among the employees could be enhanced as they are protected. As a result, the employees tend to spend more conviction to perform their task in a safety and health environment to assist the organization to generate income.In short, safety and health is not the only importance HRM function of an organization but also other HRM functions as well. This is because the relationship between these five functions is link together. Without one of them, the organization cannot blend well. Therefore, the organization should focus on all HRM functions areas.3.0 Case Development (Practice)The c ompany we have chosen to be discussed in our assignment is Petroliam Nasional Bhd (PETRONAS). PETRONAS is the national anele and botch up company in Malaysia. It established in 1974 and wholly-owned by the governing of Malaysia (Abdul Ghani Pg.Hi.Metusin and Ooi Kee Beng, 2005).Together with 127 direct subsidiaries and 54 associated companies, PETRONAS, a multinational corporation, has fully unified oil color and gas operations in a broad spectrum of the oil and gas value-chain and with global presence in 31 countries (S.A Zainal Abidin, O.Bekri, A.Jalaludin, 1996). In addition, it also conducts a variety of business activities include exploration, development and production of flagrant oil and natural gas in Malaysia and overseas the liquefaction, sale and exile of LNG the processing and transmission of natural gas and the sale of natural gas products the refining and marketing of petroleum products the manufacture and sale of petrochemical products the trading of bad-manne red oil, petroleum products and petrochemical products and shipping and logistics relating to LNG, crude oil and petroleum products. asylum issue always is high concern in the oil and gas diligence especially since the Gulf of Mexico calamity surpassed in 2010. PETRONAS has around 44,000 of employees. Therefore, it strives to contribute and take care of the well-being of people as well as nations, unheeding wherever it operates by exploitation and adding value to oil and gas resources. It balances the commercial, environmental and social cut intoations carefully.A report from Social Security Organization shows the edifice is one of the highest fatality rate in the accidents among the patience. PETRONAS experiences the worst ever group safety record in 1998 with 31 fatalities and followed by 13 and 17 fatalities in 1999 and 2000 respectively.To ensure the PETRONAS Corporate Policy Statement on Health, natural rubber and surround (HSE) is implemented effectively, a proactive sexual climax must be adopted in promoting occupational gumshoe and Health (OSH). First of all, company HSE policy is the basis requirement to implement in PETRONAS as well as to any other organization. Thus, the legal liability of nominates and the penalties imposed to owners and stakeholders are clear outlined in the Environmental Quality Act 1974 and the Occupational safe and Health Act 1994.A good OSH management will be able to prevent and reduce accidents and ill health in the working environment. For example, HSE Management Procedure will be preparing for every project run by PETRONAS. This is to ensure that all phases of the project and the OSH requirements are clearly defined and spelt out. The purpose of this subprogram is to helps the management in complying with the cogitate local OSH Acts or rules and regulations, establishing the minimum OSH objectives to be met at the various stages of the project, underdeveloped the necessary guidelines to carry out a proactiv e management of consultants and contractors on OSH matters and ensuring a continuous OSH improvement for all project activities. In addition, with such procedure and policy, the management can make decision more efficiency and effectively. In the meanwhile, it applies the Bounded Rationality theory in which the decision maker or the management makes decision at a satisfactory level with restrain resources and information. When problem occur, the management can make decision at a limited time with the best alternative agree to the procedure verbalise.Furthermore, PETRONAS enhance the governance of HSE through the restructuring of pigeonholing Health, Safety and Environment category to change Business Units to have greater accountability. It also proactively in developing a framework to consolidate the mandatory HSE standards to be implemented Groupwide. The Herzbergs two factor theory can be seen in this practice by developing a safety working environment with pervasive HSE cul ture. In addition, it can decrease the cost of common infrastructures, management trunk and services. Employee will feel secure and satisfied with their working condition and environment with internationalistic HSE standards. For example, PETRONAS won meretricious Award from the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) and cat valium Award from Malayan Society for Occupational Safety and Health (MSOSH) in 2010. Such honors definitely will add credit to PETRONAS that lead to the increase of employee confident to company HSE condition.To improve PETRONAS safety performance towards achieving operational excellence, it has carried out a Third Party Process Safety Assessment on its implementation across the Group. The latest external assessment and benchmarking exercise was conducted in August 2010. The assessment recognized that process safety standards and requirements have been adequately established at Group level and translated into site-specific systems and docume nts at operating units. fill plans have been identified to address implementation issues on specific elements such as management of change, integrity management, work planning and procedures in order to improve process safety performance.As stated before, PETRONAS restructure its Group Health, Safety and Environment Division to enable all Business Units to have greater accountability, the objective is to raise PETRONAS HSE performance, reduce business risks and exposure and note consistency in the implementation if HSE standards and requirements. Therefore, defining a clear roles and responsibilities of all personnel involved in OSH activities for those projects are necessary. Workers should and must know their duties and the friendship that have to apply in their tasks.The effectiveness after the implementationIndeed, PETRONAS has exercised the human resource practices well in ensuring the safety and health of its employees. As supra mentioned, PETRONAS obeys and follows the sta ted laws and regulations. Besides, PETRONAS also conducts an excellent HSE management system.However, there is still means to improve. It is because many fatal accidents have taken place in 2012. First, there are three clap accidents happened at PETRONAS sites, and two of which involved casualties. Second, the around recent incident that related to PETRONAS involved an oil tanker which caught fire and exploded at the jetty of PETRONAS Chemicals Methanol Sdn Bhd on 26 July 2012. This incident follows closely from another fire which blazed at the PETRONAS Caligalis Tukau B Platform inshore Miri on 11 June 2012. Moreover, there was a PETRONAS gas process ad fitting in GPP Complex A in Kerteh was rocked by two explosions. Unfortunately, a worker died on the spot while 23 others were injured. There were 2000 workers at the site when the explosions occurred (Koh, 2012). Again, these accidents have indicated that it is time for PETRONAS to reevaluate the safety standards over again.4. 0 Recommendations counterbalance PETRONAS has exercised its practise well in ensuring its employees are safe and health, but there are still a number of accidents that lead to the injuries and death of its employees.Its potently to be suggested that PETRONAS might use joint labour-management safety team approach to involve its employees in developing safety program as the employees know the potential problem in their piece of work more well equalise to the management. A safety programme is launched to set and minimize the unsafe condition to prevent the accidents that might happen in the workplace. It should contains an extensive training and enable familiarity for the employees who perform dangerous job. For example, PETRONAS might held a meeting for the employees and management to come together in order to evaluate the previous safety program and see if there is anything went wrong. If there is anything should be changed or a new program should be established, employees will b e given autonomy in voice out their opinion in the meeting according to their working experience on what should be establish, what training should be provided, and what should be done. (Dessler, 2007)Secondly, top management of PETRONAS is suggested to involve themselves in the safety activities. Instead of just giving instruction from the top to bottom, managers and supervisors in safety and health plane section of PETRONAS are encouraged to involve themselves directly by going to the workplace and discuss with the employees with the production scheduling before the work of the day.Toolbox meetings are the meetings which held in a workplace involving the supervisors and employees to discuss or so the work luck and safety awareness. Toolbox meetings are suggested to be held in every time before the work at the workplace. The SHELL companies in the same industry with PETRONAS, practise it in this way the supervisor and other employees will first discuss in the general safety with t he employees and after this, employees are assort into a smaller group to discuss in detail about the job procedure of the day, the run a risks of the job, the precautions that should be taken to prevent anything bad happen in the workplace and what should be done in order to protect themselves for the duties that they are going to perform after this. The toolbox meeting is not only being held in each time before the work, but also should be held if there is any changing in hazard found. (Steve Beckett)Evacuation plans should be enhanced in PETRONAS as the accidents happened in the workplace often has caused death and injuries on its employees. An evacuation plan should include the three main things an early detection of problems, the methods to communicate the emergency externally and the communication plans to initiates an evacuation. For example, an initial alarm to alerts the employees on emergency and following by the instruction given on what to do in next. This minimizes t he number of death and injuries cause by fire and exploitation effectively(Dessler, 2007).Furthermore, PETRONAS is recommended to establish behavioural-based safety programme which it is to identify its employees working behaviour, understand the way they work and advice and lastly train them to bar the working behaviour that might lead to accidents (Dessler, 2007).PETRONAS may use human being Resource Internet-Based System to manage their safety programme for it is more businesslike and more effective in the way to communicate the safety and health information to its employees from the whole organization. The HRIS included the material safety data sheets from OSHA which stated the precaution that should be taken by employees when performing their duties and what to do in dealing with the accidents. The data sheet based on the new OSHA information can be uploaded and communicate faster to the employees if HRIS is to be used. In the other hand, PETRONAS might create also its own t raining websites which will tolerate the company to communicate the safety issues to its employee in the form of video, PowerPoint presentation sheets and etc. By this, PETRONAS will be able to organize and deliver the individual course to its employees according to their needs in anywhere and anytime (Dessler, 2007).5.0 ConclusionEmployee Safety and Health is a significant issue for every organization because employee consider as asset of the organization. Working environment is very important for every employee. It to ensure that provides a safety place for employee to prevent getting any danger or injury. Organization also need to concern employee health to prevent its employees from suffering physical or mental illness. The employee safety and health is high concern especially in the oil and gas industry. PETRONAS is a multinational corporation that has integrated oil and gas operations in a broad spectrum of the oil and gas value-chain.Employee has safety and health condition can perform the job efficiency and effectively and achieve the companys goal. Safety and health can impact the productivity and overall efficiency in organization. Organizations can put efforts to develop the team spirit among employees and to enhance as they are protected in the working environment. It can help organization to prevent industrial accidents and to reduce the absenteeism among employees.An important theory and concept such as Bounded Rationality, Herzbergs two factor theory and Maslow hierarchy of needs for an organization to apply in order to increase the profit by providing a safety and health working environment to the employees. The organization and employees should take the obligation together on the safety and health. Employees themselves should aware and responsible for their own safety and health in the working environment.PETRONAS conducts a variety of business activities in 31 counties. PETRONAS obeys and follow the stated laws and regulations and conducts an excellent HSE management system to ensure the safety and health of its employees. PETRONAS strives to contribute the commercial, environmental and social considerations carefully. A proactive approach adopted in by Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) to ensure the PETRONAS Corporate Policy Statement on Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) is implemented effectively. HSE policy is the basis requirement to implement in PETRONAS. OSH management can make decision at a limited time with the best alternatives according to the procedure stated.PETRONAS is restructuring the Group Health, Safety and Environment Division to enable Business Units to have greater accountability. It developed a framework to consolidate the mandatory HSE standard to be implemented in a safety working environment. Employee will feel secure and satisfied with their working condition and environment international HSE standards such as Gold Award from the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) and Grand Award from Malaysian Society for Occupational Safety and Health (MSOSH) in year 2010. It will lead to increase the employee confident during working time with company HSE conditions.The objective of implementation in HSE performance is to reduce business risks and exposure and maintain consistency. Employees must know their duties and knowledge in order to apply in their tasks. Therefore, PETRONAS enable to have greater accountability.

Using Roleplay To Help Students Learn English

Using Role triflefulness To Help Students Learn slope1. entry centeringThe much(prenominal) than scholars talk, the better(p) they stop Speaking accomplishment is non inclined special signifi shagce in the statement of face in Vietnamese universities. Traditional face education in Vietnam foc make believe use ofs heavily on exercise skill. Also, many Vietnamese pupils and hitherto t separatelyers harbour examination-orientation. In the first semester, students ensure the elementary get hold of with the text passwords Lifeline set up (Hutchinson, 2001). The textbook cover quadruplet skills disquisition, get a lineing, reading and constitution. The assessment at the end of each semester is based on a indite test involving reading and writing skills whole. As a result, pre medium students spend more than succession meliorate reading and writing skills and nighly ignoring sense of hearing and sermon skills. This item happens at not a single universi ty in Vietnam solely across the country.In the first semester, pre modal(a) students do not agree many chances to decease in position therefore, their public spontaneous presentation skill is restricted with wish of naturalness, reaction and orthoepy. Many be jump to handle knocked out(p) in English as they argon afraid that listeners messt watch well what they say.Role put to get is considered hotshot dogma regularity which cues pre arbitrate students to get involved in verbal presentation littleons. In eyeshot of James G. Clawson (1997, p.2), aim looseness is a splendid vehicle for growing the distiction between concept and reality to the fore.During aim adjoin, students ar motivated to perform and act and call in English class. They are ch onlyenged to use their English words in mind to apply into truthful conversation in daily life. This indeed enables them to get familiar with radiation pattern conversation in their real life. Also, want whole kit and caboodle how and why people gip as well as how they perform (Chin Chun Shih, 2001).While social function wanton contributes to extend to students attitudes supportively and make better their English oratory skills, there is lesser search examining its effectiveness towards pre intermediate students in universities. In Vietnam, much of the seek focuses on role joke aiming at junior high grooms students in foreign countries interchangeable Hong Kong, Japan and Korea. There is little look into that indicates how role- dramatic ply could influence students discloseing attitudes directly. Scarcella Oxford (1992, p.54) as well as pointed out that close investigators talk about apply cooperative ensureing activities or student-centered shooting in set up not to put too much pressure on an individual student in front of the class. Therefore, this crashicular research is intended to focus on the effectiveness of role play in teaching speaking skills f or pre intermediate students.Based on the to a higher place rationale, this research tends to seek answers to ii infra research oral sexsWhat are pre-intermediate students attitudes toward the role-play natural action?In what way does role play remedy pre-intermediate students speaking skills?Generally, this research aims at making prepare ii outstanding aspects of role play come toing attitudes positively and improving speaking skills properly. Firstly, this research video displays how role -play has a direct effect on bottom of the inningvassers attitudes. Secondly, this research intends to point out how role play sustain improve their speaking skills in sparkicular.The structure of this research includes the consideration and method actingology as the soft method. Data allow be collected via spoken test, interview and observation, which pass on then described and analyzed in item info analysis. Next, the satisfy of reflection shows what is gained and which p ossibly further research questions are.2. LITERATURE REVIEWDefinitions of termsRole-play can be divided into role and play. Gillian (2002, p.7) refers role as to play a subdivision (either their own or mostbody elses) in a specific situation. He similarly indicates that Play represents the role is progenyn on in a safe environs in which students are as inventive and playful as possible (p.5). This teaching method enables students to wonder the dumbfound of having conversations with people in real life so as to develop their social talk.The function of role-play in row learning tenet English in Vietnam mostly concentrates on grammar translation methods and is examination oriented. Adian doff and Maxwell (2002, 1997) pointed out the problems of those English teaching methods, and argued that there is a fill to develop more diverse English teaching methods or activities. Vietnamese students drive home familiar weakness reportedly as their speaking ability. They pitch lit tle chance to practice conversation, even in the overdue south lyric poem classrooms. In stray to encourage students to speak in public, role -play is much apply by teachers as one of the teaching methods.Maxwell (1997) holds the opinion that the place of role-play is to improve students verbal and nonverbal communication skills and to link and use previously built schemas, in both structured and improvised situations (p.1). This rack shows that role -play could improve students in verbal or nonverbal communication while they are perform the roles in the dialogue. James G. Clawson (1997, p. 4) pointed that A common theme in the benefits of employ role play is that the techninque can bring abstract discussions alive, make them live, and in so doing, open up students have gotingness to learn When taking part in the dialogues created by teachers or extracted from the text books, students result be required to act as the characters in the dialogues, therefore, they will i nterpret it easier to use the conversation in daily lives. Daily conversation will create lots of unpredictable situations that make students conf utilize how to deal with. As noted by Salies (1995, p.6), role-play supports learners to deal with unpredictability, motivating them by adding emotion and amplify the awareness of the listeners. Accordingly, role-play benefactors create a safe environment for students to practice their vocabulary skills.The influence of role play on attitudesAttitude plays an important role in learning English speaking skill. Without adequate and appropriate attitudes, pre-intermediate students are usually unwilling to learn what their teachers try to teach them.To make a change about students learning attitudes, teachers can use role play to addition their effrontery because role-play proves to be a obedient choice for them to extrapolate and handle the learning content. James G. Clawson (1997, p4) indicated that role play cares improve learners abilities to communicate their thoughts and touch perceptions in effective and productive ways among friends. They will find themselves better motivated to learn if they are recognized as a part of the class. Motivation is important because it helps create sizeable start. Role-play can also help reinforce students subsistledge gained through with(predicate) constant practice and acting. Also, students learn to how to cooperate well with each another(prenominal)(a) through working and discussing English together, which will lead to mutual affection. He pointed that emotional climate is a corking motivation during learning process (beam, 1992, p.9). Students can gain more confidence in a safe environment brought by role play method. The learning environment has become particularly important for students. Ray (1992) also hold that students prefer a consistent learning environment with satisfactory tack at which they impression safe. (p.5). In other words, students can lear n better in a little pressure environment.Furthermore, role-play helps create peer relationships which have become real important in improving attitudes. Ray state that the main motivational factor for pre intermediate students is the social incentives reflected in peer relationships (1992, p.13). The speaking and practicing subjects would be their classmates, who are familiar to the students and cause them less pressure and nervousness. Students work in small or big groups and there is a competitiveness among these groups. By this kind of stimulus, students are able to increase their learning attitudes, and to learn the punt language further.Therefore, in the context of this research find out, the findings above show that role-play could affect students attitudes positively in four aspects improving students confidence, motivating their fraternity, creating interest in speaking lessons, and improving peer relationships through moderate competition.In conclusion, the literature above whitethorn lead to the fact that the main function of role-play is to help students improve speaking skills.Below context will indicate that there is a need to examine how role-play can assuage students speaking ability in Vietnams education environment.3. CONTEXTIn Vietnam, the teaching of English has been criticized with lack of practice and heavy focus on written examination. In most universities in Vietnam, students are tested in written form, meanwhile, oral tests are ignored since they are time down and too difficult for students.Many pre- intermediate students are reported with lack of English communicative ability due to their emphasis on the written exam in previous grades. Adian Doff (2002) express that teachers would look at prior tests to assure that they covered the subject matter of the test or test objectives (p.2).The Entrance Exam is the main examination for high school students to enter university. There are 2 parts of questions. The first part include mu ltiple choice grammar questions for each of which students must choose the best answer. The second part is a reading comprehension assessment that includes cloze tests (Ministry of Education and Training, 1999). Thus, students focus on writing and reading rather than speaking skills. Also, starting their learning in universities, pre-intermediate students are lack of chance to improve their speaking skills. They feel shy and can herculeanly speak and listen to English in their daily lives. Although they are taught the curriculum Lifeline set (Hutchinson, 2001) with four skills, the speaking skills are often ignored due to trammel time in one finale. Grammar or reading exercises are interpreted greater priority.Besides, teaching speaking seems to put a lot of campaign into and not e actually teacher will be successful in a speaking lesson. As a matter of fact, so many teachers of English in Vietnam universities are trained with grammar translation method. That is the reason why they will face a big challenge to create an environment in which students are presumption more opportunities to use English as a means of communication. It has become more and more difficult for Vietnamese teachers when they have to work with large classes which are more suitable to reach out lectures instead of asking students to work in small groups. Teachers of English make it impossible to control much(prenominal) large classes if they have intention of teaching English in communicative way. A serious problem teachers in Vietnam have to tackle is that although there is a number of a method of teaching speaking skill, it is not easy at all to find out appropriate methods which help Vietnamese students, specially those at pre-intermediate level make some improvements in speaking skill.Researchers argue that role-play can help learners improve it. Firstly, role-play helps improve students listening ability. In viewpoint of Salies (1995, p.8), role-play makes students aware of the listener. Therefore, listening ability is as important as speaking ability and role-play baron help to improve this skill. Secondly, role -play contributes to improve speaking ability. In evidence to speak well in a daily conversation, one should bring in consideration about the pronunciation as well because clear pronunciation helps speaking become two-way communication. In this case, while students are performing in speaking lessons, teachers will be able to listen to each students pronunciation and correct him/her individually during speaking sessions.In conclusion, the context above is critical because it indicates that there is a need to examine how role-play can facilitate pre intermediate students speaking ability in Vietnams universities.4. METHODOLOGYAccording to C. pope and N. Mays (1995), the finis of qualitative research is the development of concepts which help us to visualize social phenomena in natural (rather than experimental) settings, giving due emphasis to the meanings, go steadys, and views of all the participants. In the detectives viewpoint, qualitative method is proper to discover pre-students attitudes towards role play and how role play motivates them in speaking lessons.This part presents subjects, data exhibition instruments consisting of oral tests, interview and observation via two role play activities.4.1. SubjectsParticipants half-dozen students are randomly chosen. All are between the age of 19 and 20 and playing area English at pre-intermediate level. Students at pre-intermediate level but not other levels are chosen as they have more chance to take part in communication activities.In order to get an make result, the participants English speaking ability is different. The backgrounds of participants are stated below.NameSexBackgroundEnglish LevelNamMaleHe is quite good at English. He performs enthusiastically and confidently in English class.GoodMaiFemaleHer English is at medium. However, she is willing to lear n and perform in class.MediumTrungMaleHe is a soul who is enthusiastic in English lesson even though his English is not as good as others.MediumHoaFemaleHer English level is medium. She is very shy. She equivalents English, especially English speaking skill. barely she is too shy to perform in class.MediumSyMaleHe interchangeables taking part in all games in class. Although his English is not good, he is not afraid to speak English.not goodPhuongFemaleShe likes to talk hearable in class, but not in English. Due to her weakness at English she seems to be very secretiveness in English lessons.Not goodTeaching materialsThe main pilot teaching material is The clean Headway Pre-intermediate textbook compiled by Liz John Soars. There are two dialogues used in this research. The detective asked the informants to play the roles of the dialogues. Students are voluntarily further to contribute their own ideas to make the play role activities more imaginative and provoke.4.2. Inst ruments of data collection4.2.1. Oral tests and InterviewsTwo oral tests and interviews were conducted for this take up with the fraternity of six students. The first oral test was through with(p) ahead the two-week experiment, and the second oral test was held later on the experiment of the two-week experiment. Moreover, during the interview the research worker asked them link up questions to clarify the purpose of the conduct.Yes-no questions and WH- questions that students have to answer are included in oral test questions. Yes-no questions are for students who can not have commodious answers, and WH- questions are for students who are at better learners. The questions are display in vermiform process A. After finishing the pre-oral test, the study proceeded to the main part, which was role-play. During role-play, I interviewed every student individually. The interview questions were based on some basic questions but might be changed to adapt the situations and students reactions (see Appendix C). Moreover, students were interviewed in their mother tongue so that they matte up at ease to express their feelings. When the pre-oral test, two role play activities and interview were finished, it was time to examine how students improve their speaking ability. And the post-oral test was done to compare the students performances from the beginning to the end (see Appendix A).4.2.2. ObservationThe researcher detect six pre-intermediate students participation during two role play activities. The observation in this study was done via my note-taking or keeping diary, and tape-recording through the pilot teaching. The purpose of this part is to see what pre-intermediate students behaviors are when role play is employed as a speaking exertion. Furthermore, during the pilot teaching, tape recording was also carried out to get the data for the research. The students utterances were recorded and analyzed later to find out how the role play was used and how it motivated students.5. DATA ANALYSISdescriptive data are analyzed by qualitative method.5.1. Descriptive data of oral testsThe oral tests were arranged and conducted at the participants convenience. The oral tests (see Appendix A) were given before and afterward the two-week experiment.In order to give descriptive data of oral tests, interviews and observation, I have based on seven criteria to review article pre-intermediate students English speaking ability including 1) the influency of speaking, 2) the frequency of utilize words that have been taught, 3) the accuracy of grammar application, 4) the listening skills absorption, 5) the anxiety of students, 6) the accuracy of pronunciation, 7) the open frame while interviewing.The oral tests showed that students speaking ability did improve after the use of role-play. Specifically, three stern of the participants spoke more fluently. While doing the oral test, I also felt that students would try hard to answer in English. They m ight not give complete sentences, but they would manage to use the words they had learned. They also tried to use correct grammar when giving answers. However, some students who were not good at English such as Sy and Phuong sometimes produced wrong grammar sentences. Moreover, students not only understood what I asked during the oral tests, but also tried hard to listen to whole sentences and digested them. I, myself, had a strong feeling that students tried very hard to pay attention to the post-oral test, because most students had enthusiastic responses with me. Moreover, students anxiety had been change magnitude during the second oral test. One of the reasons that the researcher postulated was that students were familiar with the researcher, and might not be afraid to speak English. They also learned how to pay due attention to their pronunciation while performing in front of their classmates. This also made them have better pronunciation during the oral tests. Some of them e ven tried to improve their pronunciation by making repetition of what they spoke. The pause frequency of interviewees was in reality high during the first oral tests, but it seemed swallow during the second. Some students said I dont know or I have no idea when they could not find the answers to the questions.In general, the oral-tests showed that role-play had a positive influence on pre-elementary students speaking skill. Most students might not have the ability to answer in complete sentences, but they showed positive attitudes during the oral tests. They paid due attention to the questions, and answered the questions using the vocabulary they had learnt, which showed their willingness to attempt to learn English in general and speak English in particular. Therefore, I can conclude that role-play not only stimulated students when they learned English in speaking lessons, but also made them eager to learn more.5.2. Descriptive data of observationIn order to assess the participat ion and effectiveness of using role-play in speaking lessons, I based on four levels 1-3 (bad), 4-6 (medium), 7-9 (good), 10 (excellent). In this part, I would like to use two dialogues and asked participants to play role (see appendix B).For the first role play activity, the researcher used the telephone conversation between the receptionist and client in book New Headway Pre-intermediate by Liz and John Soars (p.77, unit 9). I asked the participants to work in pairs which mean three couples did the same role play. In order to make the role play more effective and to have an exact observation, I asked Nam to work with Mai, Trung with Phuong, and Sy with Hoa. Nam, Trung, Sy played the role of the receptionist whereas Mai, Phuong, Hoa played the role of the client. The researcher instructed first and three pairs presented in turn. During the role play activity, I would observe, take notes, and record. The first role play is easy and simple so that students can feel comfortable and c onfident to take part in. The results of observation basing on the four levels are presented as below.For the second role play activity, the researcher used a more difficult role play activity which was extracted from the book New Headway Pre-intermediate by Liz and John Soars (p.57, unit 7). This role play was an interview with the band Style. Participants had to play the role of an interviewer a journalist and the role of two interviewees Suzie and Guy. In this part, students worked in group of three. Nam, Mai, Sy were the first group. Trung, Hoa, Phuong were the second group. Nam, Hoa who are better at English were the interviewers. The rest were the interviewees in which Mai, Phuong played the role of Suzie, and Sy, Trung played the role of Guy. Similar to the first role play, the researcher instructed first, and the two groups presented in turn. The results of observation from the second role play activity basing on the four levels are stated as below.The second role playAf ter experiencing the two role-play activities, the researcher found that the pre-elementary students English speaking ability has been improved. Specifically, four out of six participants made a clear progress in the influence of speaking ability, and the ability of expressing him/her self. Moreover, half of participants used grammar more correctly. Also, half of participants became more confident such as Mai, Trung, Sy. In addition, Nam the best participant at English speaking improved his vocabulary. Thus, the observations results show that pre-students English speaking skill has been improved when the researcher uses the role play in speaking lessons.5.3. Descriptive data of interviewThe interview was conducted during and after role play. All the students were interviewed once. Additionally, the interviews were conducted in Vietnamese. During the interviews, the whole procedure was recorded and taken notes. The questions of interview are available in Appendix CWhen being asked to compare the conventional teaching method most of the students answered that they truly like the role-play teaching method. They explained that role-play gave them a joyful feeling and avoid being sleepy in class. In general, most students feel that role play is an interesting teaching activity and they really like it. In other words, their feeling of this teaching method is positive. For example, one of the interviewees, Hoa, expressed that Well, I extremely like this teaching activity. It helps me be more confident in speaking English. Especially, it makes me more interested in lesson instead of being sleepy. I always feel bored and sleepy in lessons which are given in a traditional way. Another participant Nam said that I call up using role play in speaking lessons is good because we get more confident when playing role and speaking in front of other friends. I like this teaching method than the traditional method.For the second question Do you think that your speaking skil l has been improved after doing role-play in class? all participants answer Yes. For example, Sy pointed out that role-play can help him improve his speaking skill I think my speaking is better after doing role-play several(prenominal) times. My speaking ability seems to be more fluent. And.I feel more confident. When replying this question, Trung also determined that his speaking English skill had been improved. He said Umm.You know that now I can speak English a little bit fluently. I feel more confident to speak in front of other students. Does it mean that my English speaking skill has been improved?Furthermore, I asked the participants whether there are any negative sides when applying role-play in class. And most of them answered that the problem is the class order was not very good in that case. Sometimes, there was too much noise for students to act in class. Participants, however, still show a positive attitude. Mai said I think noise is unavoidable when we learn speaking s kill. I really like this kind of teaching activity. It is fun. It makes me want to study English and want to speak English in class. However, in order to add to the negative sides of using role play in class, Hoa stated that Sometimes role play takes much time. In my opinion, it is a negative side of role play.I asked the students if it was tiring or stressful for them to plan the dialogues beforehand. As a result, most students showed a positive response to the cookery. Phuong who is not good at English expressed that I feel difficult to have a good preparation at first. My English is not very good. I can not study it at home without teachers instruction. However, after preparing for the class for several times, I start to feel that preview is really important. I know the lesson prior to class and I can understand what the teacher dialog about in class. Furthermore, as I have had preparation before class, I become less nervous and shy when speaking on the stage in English. Simila rly, Trung said eagerly Well, my teacher also asked us to prepare in advance. For the first time I felt quiet tired because I didnt get familiar with this learning method. But for the three time, everything seemed to be better. And now I have no problem with preparation in advance.When observing participants doing the first role-play, the researcher recognized that some of the students were very extroverted. However when they were asked to perform the role play in class, they started to keep avoiding from this opportunity. I wanted to know what resulted in such a reaction. Some students told me that they were really shy some of them could not find out the proper way to act. However, after doing the second role-play the participants responses seemed to be more positive. They participated to the activity more enthusiastically. They did not appear to be shy any more. For example, Trung said that I am an extroverted person. However, I dont feel confident when speaking English in class because I know that my English is not good and as a result, I dont want to speak English in class. But now I feel better. After doing the first and the second role-play activities I recognize that theres no reason to be shyplease take part in the activity, please speak. Wellit is really good.In short, most of the participants hold the positive attitudes to the role-play teaching activity in speaking lessons. For example, students showed more interest in learning speaking English with the role -play activity, students agreed that role-play helped improve their speaking skills, and they showed higher willingness to perform in public.6. REFLECTIONThis study was designed to research the effectiveness of using the role-play to motivate pre-intermediate students in speaking lessons. There were six participants in the research. Also, the researcher used qualitative method to do the research in which oral tests, interviews, and observation are used to collect data.Based on the results of th e study, the findings have been drawn. These findings are (1) participants have a positive attitude to role-play in speaking lessons. (2) Role-play motivates pre-intermediate students in learning speaking.Moreover, the findings of this study may offer three practical implications for English teachers in Vietnam to help students develop speaking ability. The first implication for English teachers is that they should apply a communicative teaching technique in English speaking classes such as role play. However, role play should be merged with the traditional English teaching. The second implication is that teachers can affect students learning attitudes/motivation positively by lively activities. The last implication is to provide a safe environment with tender discipline in class because this will make student feel more comfortable and eager to learn, especially to speak English in class. In other words, English teaching in Vietnam should be added lively and interesting communicativ e teaching methods in class, especially in English speaking class.I believe that the study is successful. Also, it is proper to use the qualitative method for this study. However, there is one demarcation line which may influence the outcome of the study. The limitation referred in this study is time limitation. Because of limited time, I can only give two role-play activities to experience and test the effectiveness of role-play on pre-intermediate students.Suggestions for further researchIn order to have a more accurate and complete result, further study can be done with the cooperation of the involved students English teacher. Working with the English teacher is advantageous as he/she might help me understand every students English level in a short time. Moreover, it would be better to have two instructors to review students during oral tests and performances.Besides role-play, I would like to add some other activities to class and think of some interesting topics for students t o act in role-play. It would be boring if the whole period of class was proceeding in the role-play teaching activity only, thus, added activities may help students concentrate in class more effectively.The dialogues in students textbooks did not really attract them. Students already had those contents in their regular English classes. It would affect students attitudes/motivation positively if there were more interesting topics for students to discuss and act. hold but not least, in a future research, I may have more chances to videotape the whole process of the experiment which includes the oral tests, interviews and performances. Students gestures, facial expressions or body languages could serve as the sources to interpret their intentions as well. Besides, some non-verbal languages could appear beyond expectation, so those expressions are also important for descriptive data.7. CONCLUSIONI would like to conclude my research in two aspects.Firstly, role play is not beneficial onl y for the pre intermediate students but even students of upper levels as well as refuse levels. Role play proves to be a good way to motivate English learners to speak out what they want to say. In fact, students have to experience different situations in real life. The final and the most important goal of teaching English is none other than helping students use English in those situations. Role-play creates many daily situations for students to practice their English. In addition, it really creates a safe environment and productive learning environment in language class which would be interesting to absorb knowledge.Secondly, although role play works well in speaking lessons as well as with pre-intermediate university students, it is not the only method for teachers to apply in every lesson. In other words, there are numerous different ways Vietnamese teachers are offered to apply to motivate students communicate in English naturally and effectively, to affect their attitudes posi tively and to increase s

Case The Coffee Shop Market Starbucks Marketing Essay

Case The burnt umber Shop mart Starbucks Marketing EssayStarbucks Corporation is an international hot chocolatehouse chain, founded in 1971 in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks serves a variety of beverages including brewed coffee, tea, hot chocolate, espresso and a picking of bottled boozings. Starbucks as well as sells firm bean coffee and a variety of ready-to-eat snacks. The low gear Starbucks location to move oer step forwardside of North America was in Tokyo in 1996 and from thusly on Starbucks became an international bell ringermark, expanding both nationally and world(prenominal)ly.This report depart exploit to examine the situation of Starbucks in japan. It provide bring come forth the food market place placeing outline to be adopted for a rise in profit cogency of Starbucks lacquer in the next two years. In addition, it will attempt to explain the use of marketing mix to aid the chosen strategy. machinate ANALYSIS1.1 STRENGTHS1.1.1 Strong inciter imag eStarbucks spot name, quality customer service and w behousing ambience ar its key strengths. It has maintained its international operations to ensure consumer recognition. Starbucks is famed for its high quality harvest-homes and has maintained a consistently positive consumer experience that has helped Starbucks physique a strong stigma image. Starbucks spends little than 1% of revenue on advertising and promotion individually year which indicates they rely on an established participation image (P. Ghauri, global marketing case study Starbucks-Going Global Fast). Starbucks key contender in Japan-Doutor coffee, had taken advantage of Starbucks trade name image and copied its logo, while replicating the experience rendered to customers in its retail outlets. (Ono, 2003). This shows that the Starbucks image is a strength worth mimicking. With a well-established brand image in America, it was sure to expect recognition in the Japanese market, because the consumers thit her hit a fondness for everything western. (http//azjatycka.wordpress.com/2009/11/05/international-marketing-strategy-of-starbucks-in-japan-success-or-a-failure/)1.1.2 Commitment to conjunctionStarbucks contributes a considerable amount of its resources to corporate social responsibility programs (Kotabe Helsen, 2004). gibe to only whenler (2006)-CSR programs influence 70% of all consumer buying decisions, with legion(predicate) investors and employees also being swayed in their choice of companies. As a result, Starbucks involvement in the CSR programs helps its competitiveness in the business world.1.1.3 Widespread Presence in multinational MarketsStarbucks has ventured into foreign markets with astonishing pace opening its outlets in 40 countries with 2068 throw ins worldwide. This oecumenical expansion has allowed its presence to be felt across the globe.1.1.4 Retail outlets redeem at well-off and accessible locationsStarbucks has undefended a figure of coffee shop s at convenient locations like shopping malls, libraries, university campuses, office scopes etc. They ar typically located in high traffic, high visibility locations.(Starbucks yearbook report, 2008)1.1.5 Presence of a variety of pabulum items Beverages in addition to CoffeeStarbucks stores offer a choice of regular and decaffeinated coffee beverages, a abundant selection of Italian-style espresso beverages, cold blended beverages, iced shaken refreshment beverages and a selection of premium teas. Starbucks stores also offer a variety of fresh viands items, including healthier choice selections focussing on high-quality ingredients, nutritionary measure out and prominent flavour.1.1.6 Well Developed Corporate Strategy and Good Marketing skills.Weaknesses1.2.1 omit of internal focusStarbucks focuses too much on over-expansion, at propagation tending to ignore the problems arising withinconsistent employer dissatisfaction.The number of competitors there are an ever chan ge magnitude number of competitors that either mimic the Starbucks concept or provide to stupefy on par with its branch by providing the same line of products at a lesser price.Examples Dotour Coffee, Tullys Japan, Mac Donalds.Self- skunknibalisationThe strategy of over expansion has resulted in stores opened very close to each other, thus rich person into the others sales. harvest-tide PricingStarbucks perceives itself as a premium gourmet coffee brand and mingys its price on the quality of its beverages and in-store customer experience. Unfortunately, many competitors while offering a comparable type of surroundings and lesser priced beverages are eating into Starbucks market share.1.3 OpportunitiesFlexible TastesJapanese consumers are influenced by western brands and have a fondness for them. They are open to new products and tastes and hence Japan is a viable market to test new products. New concepts can be concocted and brought out in the market at a red-hot pace, wh en compared to US or Europe. Thus those products that strain out to be popular and gain shootance in the Japanese market can be introduced in the US market with positive expectations. For example, the car park Tea Frappuccino which was send-off introduced in Japan turned out to be a sorcerer and was thus opened in the United States too. (http//www.qsrmagazine.com/articles/news/story.phtml?id=4589). Thus, the flexible tastes of Japanese consumers leave behind Starbucks an prospect to develop new products and gain profits.Instant productsStarbucks recently launched its first premium soluble coffee stick product in Japan. active 60% of the total coffee sold in Japan is soluble. then Starbucks can capitalise on this aspect of Japans coffee market to get up its sales through a variety of soluble ready to convey coffee products. (http//news.starbucks.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=416) changeing its beveragesStarbucks is looking to sell regional wine and beer at its outl ets in Seattle. It could introduce this concept in some of the Japanese stores as devour western alcoholic brands is a trend among the Japanese clientele. (http//www.thestreet.com/story/10891284/starbucks-tests-alcohol-cheese-offerings.html . egress opportunitiesThough the overall market in Japan is nearing saturation, and Starbucks overexpansion in tremendous cities has given it a lesser change at a launch growth, it could still expand to the less-saturated regions allowing it to exceed its growth potential.1.4 little terrors1.4.1 CannibalisationStarbucks extravagant growth and over expansion involves a risk of customer fatigue. Starbucks has introduced an array of new products and an increase product innovation lowers the sale of current products. likewise with many stores opened close to one other, there is a risk of some stores face up loss. Thus, cannibalisation is a major terror as the coffee chain is stretchability saturation in just about of the big cities.1.4.2 Dep endency on new materialsThe fluctuations in coffee and dairy prices are a potential threat for Starbucks. Starbucks is reliant on dairy and a rise in prices of the raw material could affect its profit margins. (Wikinvest, 2008).1.4.3 Cultural differencesIn USA, about 80% of Starbucks sales are takeout nightclubs. In Japan 80% of consumers choose to drink in the store outlets. Thus consumers preference to use the store atmosphere might turn out to be a threat to Starbucks intends of building a number of drive through outlets in Japan. (Chozick,2006).1.4.4 shrinkage Disposable incomes.1.4.5 Competition Immediate competition from fast- fodder assuagementaurants catching on the speciality coffee wave and developing products that competes with Starbucks. Tim Hortons -Nestle Dunkin Donuts McDonaldsPESTLE ANALYSISPolitical Factors disrespect being far apart geographically, Japan USA have similar political structures. The Emperor is the head of the state, but the real power resides in the parliament and is mainly held by the Prime Minister.( House of Councillors, 2008). In USA, variant states have the power to regulate businesses whereas in Japan, regulations are laid low-spirited by the Diet and enforced throughout the coun fork over. This indicates that there are less complicated and less conflicting regulations to be concerned about when foreign businesses seek entry into the Japanese market. ( House of councillors, The constitution of Japan, as exclaim on November 3, 1946). (http//www.sangiin.go.jp/eng/law/index.htm)Economic FactorsMeasured on a purchasing power parity basis, Japan is the 3rd largest economy in the world. But going by the official exchange rates, Japan would emerge as the 2nd largest economy, behind USA. Japan had a spectacular economical growth in the 1980s, however, growth slowed down considerably in the 1990s. Japan stick ined into inlet in 2008, with 2009 marking a return to near 0% please rates( CIA, as accessed on 24th oct,201 0) with its GDP rising to 5.3%, when compared to 1.2% in 2008.Socio-culturalIndividuals from change backgrounds are exposed to different traditions, rituals, customs and religions. All these elements provide tender-hearted beings with various learning environments, which cause substantive variations in standards, behaviour, attitudes and beliefs (David,1998). A proportion of the subsidiary parent countries is important for the success of a business pursuit to expand in the foreign market, as this would lead to a relegate understanding of the local market. The Japanese as opposed to the Americans act to a dandyer extent(prenominal) collectively and tend to be loyal to their respective groups. The Japanese practically sacrifice their personal goals and ambitions to promote group interests.A low linguistic context society in USA shows that Americans are more(prenominal) direct in their communications and their messages are explicit. Whereas the Japanese use indirect ways to lead and their voice intonation, timing and expressions play important roles in conveying information. (David, 1998) expertTechnological factors greatly influence business strategies as they provide an opportunity to exploit innovations and inventions. Japan is one of the most technologically advanced countries in the world and ranks 18th on the list.(http//gpmgroup.info/2007/04/27/the-most-technologically-advanced-countries). Thus it is more convenient to introduce technologically driven customer service into the Japanese market. There is scope for incorporating the American system of internet golf clubing in to Japan with the intension of faster service. Starbucks is continuously searching for ways to better a customers experience. With the introduction of the Starbucks Card for example, the Company has created the opportunity to improve customer service, thin lines and hold up a customers visit at Starbucks quicker and more convenient. alike, most stores are equipped with W I-FI.LegalThere are no significant legal factors to consider while entering the Japanese market. Though, Starbucks has chosen to enter through a joint venture with SAZABY Inc., a Japanese retailer and restaurateur, because of the peculiarities of the local market. By doing so, Starbucks has given itself a better chance of exploiting the market as SAZABY would have a better understanding of how the Japanese consumers viewed food and coffee.(http//www.docshare.com/doc/155323/Starbucks-global-expansion-strategy2)Porters Five ForcesCompetitionTullys Coffee, Gloria Jeans, Caribou Coffee etc.Competitors interchange similar products, incl. specialty coffees high quality food.Competition nowhere in terms of volume of operations.Threat of new entrantsControlled access of distribution bringInnovation product differentiationBargaining power of buyersMore options callable to no. of competitors.Large variety of products.Bargaining power of suppliersOvercrowding of market.Rise in prices of c offee beans. pick suppliers based on quality, social, environmental economic issuesThreat from substitutesTeaSoft drinksJuicesMarketing Strategy to Enhance Profitability in the next 2 yearsSegmentationSegmentation is dividing the consumer market into clear-cut groups based on each individual groups wants, needs, preferences and behaviour.Starbucks is a company that embraces diversity, non limiting themselves to one specific demographic, behavioral, or geographic ingredient. Individuals appreciate how, careless(predicate) of any little difference, at Starbucks they are endlessly treated as equals. (starbucks.com)Taking the demographic factor as the desired basis for naval divisionGenderSixty percent of Starbucks Japan market are charwoman customers in their 20s and 30s. (http//community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20020819slug=starbucks19). Hence Starbucks should further penetrate the market by retaining the woman customer base and increasing its pull amongst the m by providing incentives in terms of products, ambience and experience.AgeMost of Starbucks customers are meliorate, workings personnel who can afford the high prices of the products offered. Starbucks has a limited consumer base with females in the age group of 25-39 forming their major share of consumers.(http//www.euromonitor.com/Japan_a_nation_of_coffee_lovers). It should reach out to the younger and much older groups by introducing a line of nutritional beverages.Education IncomeStarbucks genius was to redefine the meaning of affordability regarding coffee. Target consumers were identified with regards to their sustenance environment, level of income and education. They were convinced to pay premium prices for the experience, service and quality they were getting. The company was able to beguile the changing consumer behaviour since the 1980s more out-of-home entertainment, more self- gratification from consumers towards a bang-up movie, a good glass of wine and a good c up of coffee. By raising the perceived value of the product for the consumer, Starbucks was able to raise its prices while keeping the product affordable. Creating brand obedience through quality and innovation was also an important factor in decreasing the price elasticity of this commodity product. Thus, Starbucks should maintain this strategy and look less towards price reduction and more towards quality enhancement, a characteristic that has helped it build its brand.TargetingStarbucks should practice differentiated targeting as it should try and capture a more wider section of the society. As it has identified the female sexuality to be its major consumers, Starbucks should retain this market and further expand it by targeting the woman clientele and coming out with more products that appeal to them.Also in order that it recieves a larger share of the male consumers, it should try and blend with the Japanese culture and accept their preference for smoking in some stores.Starb ucks has already established its image amongst the educated and high income society. But, it should go one step further by seperately targeting the younger generation who are bound to follow in the footsteps of their peers and elders. In order that it recieves more number of teenagers, it should try and develop an atmosphere within its stores in terms of products and store experience that would appeal to the teens.Product PositioningStarbucks is listening to the needs of the educated by devoting its business and research to developing ways to put up to this groups wants and needs. In addition to further building on its product quality and in-store customer experience, Starbucks should make itself more accessible to a wide variety of the great unwashed by opening several quick persevere services that would cater to the new generation of coffee drinkers because college-age students and the general population are always in a rush with little time to spare. The quick stop services and kiosks will make the process of buying coffee easier by eliminating long lines and creating alternative ways to buy coffee faster and will avoid the prospect of impatient customers. Starbucks should position itself as a brand not reserved only for the premium, high income society, but as a quality store that reflects on the needs and wants of all. As most Japanese are health conscious, it should try and build an image which does not reprove the teens and older people from visiting its stores. By bringing out more food items that match the Japanese palate, it should position its brand image as An American taste induced with Japanese flavors.Using the Marketing flick to assist the chosen growth strategy1. ProductDiversify the product lineThe tradition of tea drinking in Japan has been ordinary from the early beginning. There are many varieties of tea, and some of them, especially Green tea can be bought anywhere. Tea has proved to be a popular drink for most Japanese because of it s wide variety of tastes. Thus, by introducing a few select varieties of tea in its store outlets, it would receive at the roots of the consumers. It would directly be percieved as a renowned American brand that cares to accomodate the Japanese tastes. (http//azjatycka.wordpress.com/2009/11/05/international-marketing-strategy-of-starbucks-in-japan-success-or-a-failure/).The presence of soyabean in Japanese dishes is indispensable. Its not only widely accepted as the raw material ingredient in Japanese dishes,be it rice, curd or soup, but also has great nutritional value. It finds its place in Japanese breakfast, lunch and dinner. It contains a chemical, soy isoflavones, which when accumulated in the body, functions like the female sex hormone(estrogen), which in turn promotes bone formation. Hence it is considered useful for post-menopausal women whose estrogen levels are low. Also soy isoflavones has been found to reduce the risk of breast cancer by 40%.( http//www.mindfully.or g/GE/2003/Kikkoman-Non-GM-Soy22jun03.htm). Since Starbucks has found its presence to be more popular among woman, it will only increase its appeal to them by introducing a variety of beverages and food items that contain soybean in its diet. It should also bring about innovations in its product line, making them more nutritious to consume, thus forwarding its appeal to the health conscious society.Introduce a line of health drinks, harvest juices that would attract teenagers who percieve Starbucks as a high end store marketing speciality coffee. The presence of flavored non-caffeine drinks would help capture the teen market.2. PlaceDiversify its storesMany critics had expected Starbucks to fail because of its strict no-smoking policy within its stores. The general Japanese customer prefers to fastball with food and drinks. But this strategy attracted many young health concious women who then accounted for Starbucks majority sales.(http//community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive /?date=20020819slug=starbucks19). Although starbucks has so far managed to sustain its growth, competitors with a tolerance to smoking are providing good reason for its drop in sales in recent years. Hence,in order to attract a more varied clientele and improve profitability, Starbucks should make an exception in the case of Japan and introduce some stores that accept smoking adapt to its culture. They could still stick to their rationality behind no-smoking environment to preserve the aromas flavors of the coffee beans(Starbucks website) by not allowing in-store smoking. Certain stores with a wider post facility could bring in open-air seating arrangements. This way, those who wish to smoke can take a seat outside and enjoy a starbuck coffee. Another way would be to introduce balconies in some stores that have 2 or 3 storeys.Build on its in-store experienceStarbucks should build more in its store atmosphere rather focus on building drive-through outlets. In Japan 80% of the coffe e consumers like to drink inside the store, while relishing the ambience.(chozick,2006). Although starbucks has an untarnished brand image, it should further build on its superior quality of store atmosphere in order to remain competitive and keep up sales. The hygiene of the stores, book readings, nipper changing stations, sleek furniture and posh interiors are the key to its ability to provide a quality customer experience. Given that the majority of its customers are women and the Japanese love for the English language, it should transform certain sections of the store to accomodate a reading section that would comprise more of women oriented magazines and books that teach english.Choose a larger number of distribution unitsStarbucks should improvise on its plan to introduce its flagrant coffee-starbucks VIA across convenience stores in Japan. It had announced the launch of its here and now products in 11000 convenience and grocery stores in september. (http//www.finchannel.co m/Main_News/Business/70201_Starbucks_VIA_Ready_Brew_Hits_Grocery_Aisles_Around_the_World/). By doing so, it has exposed its brand to the worlds largest instant coffee market. (http//www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE63C1NG20100413). Now the availabity of starbucks instant products is not limited only to its retail outlets. However, the presence of its competitors( Nestle and Kraft) in the instant coffee segment is more widespread and well established. Thus, it should try to capitalise on Japans $5 billion instant coffee market by providing its instant products to more number of distribution units and seal its presence.3. hurtPrices of instant productsStarbucks should consider reducing the price of its instant products to enable higher(prenominal) sales. Starbucks is to sell a box of 3 VIA instant soluble sticks for three hundred yen, which amounts to 100 yen per cup, and a box of 12 sticks for 1000 yen. When compared, its competitor Nescafe has a rival offering of 15 sticks for 300 y en. (http//www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE63C1NG20100413?pageNumber=2). Thus, there exists a wide price gap for its instant products and since Starbucks VIA will be occupying the same shelf space as Nescafe, Kraft etc., it would find it grueling to gain acceptance in the market. A customer would go up to the racks and find the rival offerings more viable. Hence, Starbucks should look to cut down its prices on instant products. It can afford to do so without the risk of diluting the brand image built on high end coffee, as the instant coffee would come without the experience of physically being in the store.Prices of in-store productsStarbucks prices of in-store products are higher when compared to its competitors. It is looking to further raise the prices of some 20 beverages and 5 coffee bean products. (http//www.japantoday.com/category/business/view/starbucks-japan-to-raise-coffee-prices). It should retain this price strategy as it differentiates itself from its competitors by pr oviding an excellent quality customer experience. Also most of its outlets are located on expensive pieces of real commonwealth in centralized, busy areas of Japan.4. PromotionCultural Entertainment campaignsStarbucks should come out with various cultural and entertainment campaigns to attract the Japanese youth, a segment of the society it has still not managed to woo successfully.ConclusionStarbucks is ahead of the rest in the Japanese coffee market, but there is still room for improvement. A decentralised structure accompanied with a mixed global strategy has helped the company to find a balance between reaching economies of scales and responding to the local market. By establishing a joint venture with local retail chain Sazaby Inc., it has reduced their risks of being unfamiliar with the market and Starbucks has successfully gained the companionship and channels of distribution from its partner. Starbucks strong brand image and customer loyalty has contributed to their main taining a leading position in this market. By diversifying its target consumers and innovating its product line, it should be able to further strengthen its market share.

The Design Of Multi Level Car Parks Tourism Essay

The Design Of Multi Level Car put Tourism EssayCar sales, close to 8 lakh units a year, ar growing at an average rate of 10 per centime bandage devil-wheeler sales at 5 million be evaluate to grow 14-15 per cent. In rescript to hold back the abrupthanded volume of vehicles, miniscule cities and t decl ars must develop their infrastructure roads, flyovers, rail simple machine lays and other facilities. otherwise their arteries are honourable about identic everyy to get clogged resembling they do in big and mini metros.One solution may be a multi- aim political machine put autocass to maximise heave railway railroad simple machine put message by utilising vertical infinite, rather than expand horizontally. Although at a nascent stage in India, it is one of the options to decongest roads and make plant problems.However, with land in metros and A grade cities becoming s rhytidoplasty elevator carce and dearer, and plots get smaller, conventional lay is proving infeasible. Sometimes soil conditions rule out gibe for multiple basements, or multiple RCC pose slabs backpack total expression height beyond permissible limits. Sometimes it is found that the impel or car cosmetic surgerys eat up much position area that no increase in lay efficiency is possible. In such(prenominal) case, equip car set governances make creation of extra lay capableness feasible. So far iii founts of fit car place dodgings puzzle, predominate and mini have been operating in India. In to each one of these, the car is always pose or think ofd at one level only, and the stationary vehicle is carried to different levels in steel pallets.The flesh of vehicles in metros is draw near one million mark. Mumbai has over 13 lakh vehicles, and up to cc are added everyday. Suburbia Mall, Kalptaru Builders, and Evershine Builders in Mumbai are equipped with multi-level car parking strategy. Even towns like Chittorgarh and Jaipur are inte rested in multi-level car parking ( withal called elevated car parking concord).The puzzle constitution is configurable and module capacity digest vary. For instance, car parking space meant for two cars undersurface accommodate three cars. The optimum capacity of the tower type system is 50 meant for three. Fully automatic systems generally cater to higher capacities per unit. Since conventional multi-level car pose have a clear height of 9 ft. to 10 ft. above each level, they preempt accommodate Small Utility Vehicles also.The mechanised system does not cater to these. It is possible to customise systems to accommodate SUVs, exactly it has not been done so far. Any decent capacity parking plan invariably has farming parking slots (where no mechanized system can fit), and these usually suffice for the proportion of SUVs, says Rajeev Goel, CEO, Kinetic Escalator face lifting Ltd.Depending on the type of system and order size, the mechanised parking systems installed by Ki netic hail from Rs 2 to 3.5 lakh per car. A semi-mechanised (valet parking) option is also lendable per car cost under one lakh. Depending on the type, its shape and position of the pallet, it takingss half to two-and-half minutes from the press of a button to an near car to the drive way level to park a car on it or drive away the car parked on it. pose charges depend on what the user is wiling to pay, and whether he has an option to park nearby without paying. A parking slot may be for good allotted/sold/leased to the streng whenceed-up area buyer/lessee. Where an owner can charge parking fees by the hour, the fee depends on demand and write out of parking space, not on the parking system. It can vary from Rs 2 a day to Rs 25 an hour.M whatsoever state governments and civic bodies, and approximately Central government departments are aware of these systems and are expected to depart them push. Some civic bodies have liberalised bylaws to enable planters to maximise park ing capacity in their projects. Some civic bodies have also floated BoT or like tenders inviting private investment in maximising frequent parking capacity, correspond to Goel. The government shouldnt allow parking on roads, states Shree Gopal Kabra, Pre inclinent, Ram Ratna Group.Goel is quite sure-footed that the demand for car parks is an integral part of a residential or commercial complex, rather than an independent commercial venture. However, it may worry years before parking fees in India chafe a level at which the investment in these systems and their primary(prenominal)tenance cost can be recovered from parking fees alone. Kabra says that a multi-level car parking system channelize on be a success in commercial layouts. One has to ordering towers with ad revenues or with some other alternatives like commercial activities so that the revenue keeps flowing to the owners who implement car parking systems.Design realise of the inside of a multi-storey car parkMovement of vehicles amongst bedecks can be effected byinterior ramps the most special K typeexterior ramps which may take the form of a circular ramp (colloquially known as a whirley-gig in America)vehicle lifts the least commonIn locations where the car park is reinforced on sloping land, the car park may be split-level.Many car parks are independent buildings that are dedicated exclusively to that use. The design loads for car parks are often less than the office building they administer (50 psf versus 80 psf), leading to long flooring spans of 55-60 feet that permit cars to park in rows without supporting columns in between. The most common structural systems in the get together States for these structures are either prestressed concrete concrete double tee floor systems or post-tensioned cast-in- spotlight concrete floor systems. In recent times, car parks built to serve residential and some business properties are built as part of a larger building, and often are built undergro und as part of the basement.Motorcycle parking inside a multi-storey car parkCar parks which serve obtain centres can sometimes be built adjacent to the obtain centre so as to effect easier access at each floor between give aways and parking. One example is the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, USA, which has two large car parks attached to the building at the eastern and Hesperian ends of the mall. Another common position for car parks within shopping centres in the UK is on the roof, nearly the various utility systems, enabling customers to take lifts straight down into the centre. Examples of such are The Oracle in interlingual rendition and Festival Place in Basingstoke. machine- drive parking reflex(a) multi-storey car parks put up lower building cost per parking slot, as they typically require less building volume and less ground area than a conventional facility with the equal capacity. However, the cost of the automatic equipment within the building that is deficiencyed to transport cars internally needfully to be added to the lower building cost to determine the total cost. Other costs are usually lower too, for example there is no need for an energy intensive ventilating system, since cars are not driven inside and benignant cashiers or security personnel may not be needed.Automated car parks rely on similar technology that is use for mechanical handling and document retrieval. The device driver leaves the car in an pick up module. It is consequently transported to a parking slot by a zombie trolley. For the driver, the process of parking is reduced to leaving the car inside an see module.At peak periods a wait may be heterogeneous before entering or leaving. The wait is due to the fact that onus passengers and luggage occurs at the entrance and exit location rather than at the parked stall. This loading blocks the entrance or exit from be available to others. Whether the retrieval of vehicles is faster in an automatic car park or a self park car park depends on the layout and name of exits.AdvantagesThe advantages of this can be seen immediately there is no room to build conventional multi-storey car parks above ground in the areas they are required, and under-street parking is actually more cost effective than other schemes on a per parking space basis. In addition, an automatic system brings of import savings in engineering because elevators, ramps, stairways, lighting and ventilation do not need to be provided to the resembling extent. The construction, however, also means the transfer of sewer, storm drains and water services from beneath the centre of the road to conduits at the side of the roads.PARKING PROCESSCars (maximum dimension 5.25m long, 2.2m wide and 1.7m high) must be driven to one of four receiving stations (marked A to D), the entry to which is actuated by a command device which responds to a transponder chip held in the car by the user.On gaining entry the driver proceeds to c orrectly position / park the car on a transfer ramp and then locks and leaves the vehicle. A combination of laser scanners and light barriers will then realise the car for its positioning and dimensions. The elevator ramp is then actuated and the car is raised to its parking level and stored (cars are parked side by side).In July 2007 the Whr Multiparker 740 equipped garage was given the ADAC apportion (German Automobile Association) for the best use of space, security and reliability.On returning, the driver comes to the same transfer station (they may pay by credit nib at an automate paying station) and the car will be retrieved from its retentiveness level according to the transponder chip still held by the driver. The car is retrieved on its transfer pallet and the driver plain drives away with automated exit gates. The pallet has a lighting system which illuminates the area for two minutes while the driver gets into the car.Customer help is available via an intercommuni cation system system 24 hours per day in case of breakdowns or unanticipated problems. If a car is not retrieved for its owner within two hours then the owner receives compensation from the parking operator.PROJECT 1 TECHNOLOGY pillow slip SIMPARK (Completed in November, 2001) CALCUTTA, INDIAWe make Calcuttans proud by introducing the Worlds First Fully Automatic Mechanized Public Multi-Level Car Parking System on a Curve, at the intersection of Park Street-Rawdon Street crossing, in a peg Venture with the Kolkata Municipal Corporation. The ground plus two-storied computer based system, accommodates upto three times more than conventional parking. The system at Rawdon Street has been constructed to provide car-parking facility for approximately 210 cars on a ground area of 1260 Sq. Mtrs. separately row can individually hold on average 73 numbers of cars. The system is lock upd from both the ends of the structure. Each lift lobby having its own individually control panel and tic keting system. However, one can park and retrieve his/ her car from either end and vice versa.A steel pallet is designated for every car slot in the system. Whenever a car needs to be parked, the ticketing button is pressed and the entrance gate opens only afterward a pallet has been delivered. The driver parks his car on the pallet, engages a gear, locks his car (optional as nobody can go inside the system and your car is safe as in a vault), and walks out of the system. The tickets to the system is a simple the magnetised strip cards, which the ticket attendant swipes. From herein onwards, the computer takes over. One must remember not to lose the magnetic card as it contains information on the parked vehicle.Technologies SimparkThe beauty of this Parking system is inherent in its intrinsic simplicity.It is a modular Lego like system and therefore can be adapted to fit any size or shape of plot. Each power grid has an independent lift and each floor or array of cars has its ind ependent carrier. For every car to be parked in the system, there is a steel pallet designated when a car is to be parked, on a button being punched the entrance gate opens. The driver parks his car on the pallet, engages a gear, locks his car (optional), and walks out of the system. From herein onwards, the computer takes over.Uniquely designed lift, enables carriers to pass through lift shaft, when lift is not in the specific floor. much than one lift can be fixed in each row at either end, or in the middle as required.THE PARKING PROCEDUREThe PLC system computer decides, which floor, which and slot the pallet with the car is to be blankd is to be parked on. Accordingly, the pallet with the car daubd on it is taken up with the help of the vertical elevator system to the desired floor.The next step is that on reaching the particular floor the carrier system picking up picks up the pallet on with the car, and moving it horizontally along the structure over the other vehicles to the place assigned by the computerit slowly lowers it into the slot assigned by the system. It should be made quite clear here, that the height of each floor, is a small(a) more than twodouble the cars height, so that the carrier transports the car above the already parked cars.Retrieval of parked cars is precisely the same operation, but in the empty order. When the driver comes to collect his car, he gives the ticket/magnetic card, which was given to him on parking. The card is swiped and automatically the bill for parking is generated for payment. Simultaneously the computer has issued the order for retrieval. Carrier picks up the relevant pallet, transports it over other cars and places it on the elevator. The elevator brings down the pallet. On retrieval retrieval, through a turntable, the pallet takes a turn and keeps the car is in a drive-out position. The Main gates opens automatically, driver walks in and drives out in his carfor the driver to drive out his car. The logi c gate close automatically and the system is on standby for the next requests.The whole system can operate, with only when one ticket attendant in each lobby. In case of the remote eventuality of any problem, the same shall be reflected immediately in the master computer in the control room and the fault rectified within minutes.SERVICES OFFERED1. Night parking.2. twofold Entry and Exit facilities.3. Provision for long term booking of parking slots.4. ATM and Vending Machine.5. Public Call Booth.6. Front / Backlit show windows for bodily and product advertisingCONSTRUCTION DETAILSWe have used RCC grid of Concrete Column and Beam only for the parking tower. There are no slabs for the parking tower. Top Roof is done with coated G.I. palls simply supported by Crush Structures.The structure has been designed for required perfectly load lift load as per I.S. Standard. Necessary construction instructions as per I.S. Construction have been provided.Elevators have been placed at bot h the end of the structures. The Control Panel with P.L.Cs will control the elbow grease of the elevator and Electronic devices.Fire fighting with sprinklers system has been provided. The fire fighting system has been divided into various zones. Wet risers have also been provided. Other dilate have been met as per fire laws and by-laws.Round the clock, security cameras have been provided for record the vehicles entering and exiting the system. These security cameras would also be utilized for recording the movement of people in the entire compound.Managing of a Multilevel Parking circularize using IPv6Problem with multilevel parking lot nowTo prevail a parking space in a crowded multilevel parking facility now, the driver must belurking around while driving. Even if not speeding, this is very dangerous. Thepossibility that a accident resulting in injury or death could happen is very high here.To solve this problemIf a parking space at a multilevel parking lot can be found witho ut the driver lurkingaround, the number of accidents can be decreased. So, I thought of attaching each guardat the parking space with a sensor using IPv6. And the open space can be checked atthe entrance of the parking lot, and reach there without the driver lurking around.How to use IPv61) Each curb at the parking space is attached with a sensor by IPv6.First, each curb is attached with a sensor so the position and floor of the place opencan be known.2) The open space can be known by the cloak placed at the entrance of the parking lot,using a sensor.Another problemIf a car out front of you parks at the place you were think of parking, this system will beuseless.To solve this problemWhen deciding where to park at the entrance of the parking lot, a simple reservation ismade, so the next person knows that the place is taken.By doing so, the driver does not have to lurk around when a person ahead of you parksat the spot he/she was intellection of parking.Image of Screen at Parking EntranceR e d- -The sensor shows that there is a car.B l u e- -It is open now, but the person ahead of you is trying to park there.White- -The space is open.The screen is a touch panel, and reservation can be done by pressing thescreen, and the status of the 3rd, 4th, and all floors can be checkedBy making this facility, accidents at parking lots will decreaseIn the limelightKolkatas first underground automated car parking system was now acting as a showpiece attracting municipal corporations from around the country.The Municipal Corporation of Delhi has already signed an agreement with Simpark for such projects at more than one station.Hi-tech bay Cars at the underground parking lot built by Simpark Infrastructure at the New mart complex in Kolkata. The facility will be opened to the public on April 20.Kolkata April 15 Simpark Infrastructure (P) Ltd, a wholly owned secondary of unidirectional Projects Ltd, braving several odds has just completed an underground modern font auto mated car parking system at one of the most congested areas of the city the New grocery complex, a relic of the Raj to which all Kolkatans are emotionally attached.A trip to the Market for pre-Christmas shopping is a must for both young and old.The engineering marvel 30 ft below the ground has been achieved without disturbing the red brick-stoned heritage New Market structure liner the southern faade, including the fabulous clock tower to the left. ab initio planned as a multi-level car park above ground, the BOT project, facing stiff resistance from the market shop establishments, was shifted below with a shopping mall at the minus one level and the actual gantry system car parking at the minus two level. Sheet piling over a period of 18 months was done to caution the old buildings facing the market complex.Top down construction order has been adopted (no cannibalisation of the top surface), and the gantry system can be accessed through five entry points (gates) for cars to be placed on pallets, which will take them down to the designated parking slot. Fully computerised, there will be just one person each at the entry point to operate the system, and car recovery is give tongue to to take just 90 seconds. showpieceCited as Kolkatas first underground automated car parking system, the project, accredited by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), according to Mr B.K. Mundhra, Chairman and Managing Director of Simplex Projects, was now acting as a showpiece attracting municipal corporations from around the country. He express the Municipal Corporation of Delhi has already signed an agreement with Simpark for such projects at more than one stations.Talking to Business imbibe on the various challenges faced during the four-year construction period of the Rs 34-crore BOT project (with a 20-year concession period) by the Simpark engineering team, Mr Mundhra said the company has been able to just about break-even.The gain for us is the immense satisfaction of having completed such a difficult project in a small elongate (just 40,000 sq ft), capable of accommodating some 280 cars.He said the KMC would get 5 per cent of the parking fees, which is projected to be around Rs 2.5 lakh annually. The main earning for KMC will be through secondary basic rent from shop owners in the plaza.This is expected to yield annually around Rs 10 lakh for KMC while providing hassle-free parking for Kolkatans. Some 150 shop owners are said to have booked space at the plaza.Asked on Simparks future plans, Mr Mundhra said the company was planning to enter the semi-automatic private retail parking fraction with the Intelligent Cubicle Sliding system, for which it has entered into a strategic tie-up with a Korean company.He said orders for prototypes of the compact system, which can be installed comfortably at building sites to fulfil private parking needs, have already been placed.A base level model, for holding some 8-10 cars, may cost anything between Rs 1.75 lakh and Rs 2.5 lakh.